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Resource Library
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.
View the list of working paper topics.
View the list of working papers by year.
Working Paper
Incorporating Health Insurance in Poverty Measurement: Implementing a Health Inclusive Poverty Measure in the United States
This paper discusses the feasibility of incorporating a value of health insurance in the Supplemental Poverty Measure framework
Working Paper
Addressing Nonresponse Bias in the ACS Using Administrative Data
Learn how the pandemic disrupted ACS data collection in 2020 and why the 2020 ACS 1-year estimates will be released as an experimental product.
Working Paper
Cognitive Testing Results for the CPS Food Security Supplement
Testing on how participants interpreted new questions and modifications to existing questions about food insecurity and food purchases.
Working Paper
Alternative School Lunch Valuation in the CPS ASEC During COVID-19
This paper describes the school lunch value calculations for the 2020 CPS ASEC, given changes to the school lunch program in response to COVID-19.
Working Paper
Imputing 2020 Economic Impact Payments in the 2021 CPS ASEC
Methods for imputing amounts of first- and second-round Economic Impact Payments in the 2021 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement.
Working Paper
Improvements to the Census Bureau’s Supplemental Poverty Measure for 2021
This paper summarizes recent improvements to the SPM and compares the 2019 published estimates to estimates incorporating these methodological improvements.
Working Paper
The Geography of Opportunity over Time
We study the association between place (and place characteristics, such as poverty) and child outcomes has over time, including by race and gender.
Working Paper
Heart Disease Death Rates and Trends by County-Level Deprivation
This study examines geographic patterns of heart disease death rates and recent changes in death rates for adults aged 35-64 years by level of deprivation.
Working Paper
Multidimensional Hardship in the U.S. during the COVID-19 Pandemic
This paper uses data from the Household Pulse Survey to estimate a multidimensional hardship index during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Working Paper
The Value Added of a Multidimensional Deprivation Index
The value of a multidimensional deprivation index over and above income poverty measures is explored.
Working Paper
Evaluating Wealth Data in Wave 4 of the Redesigned 2014 SIPP
This paper supports the careful use of SIPP data by researchers by examining how changes to the 2014 SIPP affected wealth data quality over the Panel.
Working Paper
Is Retirement More Unequal Than We Think?
This conference paper examines income inequality among older households using SIPP linked to administrative records.
Working Paper
Economic Well-Being of Families During the COVID-19 Pandemic
The paper uses data from the experimental Household Pulse Survey to show income sources families used to support themselves at three points during the pandemic.
Working Paper
Coronavirus Infects Surveys, Too: Survey Nonresponse Bias
This paper evaluates how response in the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement (CPS ASEC) was affected by COVID-19.
Working Paper
The Census Multidimensional Deprivation Index: Revised and Updated
This is a revised Multidimensional Deprivation Index for the years 2010 through 2019.
Page Last Revised - June 13, 2023
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