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Income & Poverty Working Papers

Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.

View the list of working paper topics.

View the list of working papers by year.


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Working Paper
Medical Out-of-Pocket Expenses, Poverty, and the Uninsured
This research offers three general refinements to incorporate MOOP expenditures into the poverty measure.


Working Paper
Supplemental Poverty Measure Thresholds: Laying the Foundation
Guidelines to produce a poverty measure for the U.S. are included in a document, Observations from the Interagency Technical Working Group on Developing a SPM.


Working Paper
Estimating the Value of Federal Housing Assistance
This paper will describe the methodologies currently used by the Census Bureau to estimate the value of housing assistance.


Working Paper
Using SIPP to Gauge the Behavior of TANF Recipients
Examines the behaviors of welfare recipients as they pertain to meeting the fundamental goal of Welfare Reform.


Working Paper
Who in the United States Sends and Receives Remittances?
This paper describes the CPS Migration Supplement, a new source of migration-related data and discusses the quality of the monetary transfer data.


Working Paper
Supplemental Poverty Measure: Preliminary Estimates for 2008
This paper lays the groundwork for preparing estimates of a Supplemental Poverty Measure for the U.S. at the Census Bureau.


Working Paper
TANF Participation and Employment in SIPP (2004-2007)
This paper examines trends in TANF receipt and employment among women ages 18 to 64 annually from 2004 to 2007 using the 2004 Panel of the SIPP.


Working Paper
Using the ACS to Implement a NAS-Style Poverty Measure
We compare the results of several different approaches to estimating the value of Food Stamp benefits and assigning housing assistance status


Working Paper
Children's Coresidence with Half Siblings
A substantial proportion of children will live with half siblings during their childhood, and tend to fare worse on some measures of child well being.


Working Paper
Setting and Updating Modern Poverty Thresholds
This research compares median-based thresholds with ones based on the 33rd percentile using CE Survey data from 2004 quarter one through 2009 quarter one.


Working Paper
The buffer stock model of money demand: evidence from panel data
This study empirically shows that the speed of adjustment is fast at the microeconomic level.


Working Paper
Measurement Errors in SIPP Program Reports
An administrative record check of program participation reporting in the first two SIPP interviews.


Working Paper
Experimental Modern Poverty Measures 2007
This paper presents some new developments in the experimental poverty measure series prepared by the Census Bureau.


Working Paper
Comparability of Current Population Survey Income Data with other Data


Working Paper
Improving the Measurement of Family Resources
This paper will describe the methodologies currently used by the Census Bureau to estimate the value of near-money nonmedical in-kind benefits.


Working Paper
Methods of Estimating Poverty for School-Age Children
This paper looks at two different approaches to modeling that address the problem of small samples in small areas.


Working Paper
Serial Comparisons in Small Domain Models
The U.S. Census Bureau's SAIPE program produces model-based estimates for small geographic areas.


Working Paper
Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates Program
The US Census Bureau's SAIPE Program uses an empirical Bayes estimation method to produce annual estimates of the poverty rates.


Working Paper
Variance Modeling in the U.S. SAIPE Program for the ACS
In SAIPE program of the U.S. Census Bureau, one of the challenges is the estimation of sampling variances of the direct survey weighted estimators.

Page Last Revised - June 13, 2023
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