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Topics
Data & Maps
Surveys & Programs
Resource Library
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.
View the list of working paper topics.
View the list of working papers by year.
Working Paper
The SPM in the Survey of Income and Program Participation
This paper proposes a methodology for estimating the SPM in the 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation Panel and subsequent panels.
Working Paper
Benchmarking the Redesigned Survey of Income and Program Participation
This poster compares estimates of social insurance and pension income in SIPP, National Income and Product Accounts, and administrative records.
Working Paper
Capping Nutritional Assistance in the Supplemental Poverty Measure
This paper develops a methodology and investigates the potential impact of capping nutritional assistance benefits in the estimation of the SPM.
Working Paper
Impact of Using State Average WIC Values in the SPM
Using data from the 2018 CPS ASEC, this paper analyzes the impact of using state-varying WIC values instead of national WIC values to estimate SPM rates.
Working Paper
Student Debt Discourages Young Workers from Becoming Self-Employed
This paper examines the relationship between student debt and self-employment for young adults using the SIPP and Administrative Records.
Working Paper
An Analysis of the Gender Poverty Gap
This paper explores the gender poverty gap using the American Community Survey and how this gap varies by state and by demographic groups.
Working Paper
Poverty and the Incidence of Material Hardship, Revisited
This working paper uses the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine trends in hardship over time.
Working Paper
The Supplemental Poverty Measure using the American Community Survey
This working paper develops a research series implementing the SPM in the ACS.
Working Paper
Neighborhood Quality Measures
An evaluation of neighborhood quality measures for the Multidimensional Deprivation Index.
Working Paper
Potential Improvements to the SPM for 2021: Resources
This presentation gives an overview of potential changes to SPM resources under consideration for 2021.
Working Paper
Supplemental Poverty Measure: Alternative Geographic Adjustments
This presentation gives an overview of potential changes to geographic adjustments in the SPM under consideration for 2021.
Working Paper
Using ACS Earnings Data to Adjust SPM Thresholds
Impact of using a NCES-style comparable wage index to adjust the Supplemental Poverty Measure thresholds.
Working Paper
Potential Improvements to the Supplemental Poverty Measure
This presentation gives an overview of potential changes to the SPM under consideration for 2021.
Page Last Revised - June 13, 2023
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