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Topics
Data & Maps
Surveys & Programs
Resource Library
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.
View the list of working paper topics.
View the list of working papers by year.
Working Paper
Direct Measures of Poverty as Indicators of Economic Need
The evidence presented here supports the use of hardship measures as a valid and useful measure of household well-being.
Working Paper
Measuring the Impact of Welfare Reform with the SPD
This paper describes the origin, purpose, status, and plans of the Survey of Program Dynamics (SPD).
Working Paper
Summary Report: 1998 SPD Taped Interviews
We are planning a Survey of Program Dynamics to simultaneously measure important features of the full range of welfare and other social and economic programs.
Working Paper
Remarks on Geographic Variation in Housing Prices and Poverty
I will first discuss some issues and trade-offs in the measurement of housing prices that are relevant to the proposed changes in poverty measures.
Working Paper
Developing Children's Data for the Survey of Program Dynamics (SPD)
We are planning a Survey of Program Dynamics to simultaneously measure important features of the full range of welfare and other social and economic programs.
Working Paper
Report on Cognitive Interview Results for the 1999 SPD
We are planning a Survey of Program Dynamics to simultaneously measure important features of the full range of welfare and other social and economic programs.
Working Paper
SIPP Quality Profile, 1998 (3rd edition)
The purpose of the Quality Profile is to summarize, in convenient form, what is known about the sources and magnitude of errors in estimates from SIPP.
Working Paper
The Census Bureau's Plans for Poverty Measurement Research
This paper first briefly describes the origins and basis of the formal measurement of poverty in the United States.
Working Paper
Child Well-Being Indicators From the SIPP
The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP), collected in the Fall of 1994, provides analysis of child well-being in four areas.
Working Paper
Poverty, Family Structure, and Child Well-Being
This paper assesses data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) concerning child well-being.
Working Paper
Income in the ACS: Comparisons to the 1990 Census
Explains differences between ACS and Census income questions and provides a preliminary overview of results from 1996 ACS.
Working Paper
Medical Needs and the Poverty Thresholds
This paper tests the assertion that out-of-pocket medical spending is "much more variable than needs for such items as food and housing."
Working Paper
Teens talk: Are Adolescents Willing & Able to Answer Survey Questions?
In this paper, we will discuss results from two tests and associated modifications made to the survey instrument.
Working Paper
Cohabitation and the Measurement of Child Poverty
We use 1990 U.S. Census of Population data to calculate what poverty rates would have been if cohabitors were treated in the same manner as married couples.
Working Paper
Poverty Measurement Research
In this paper we implement the Panel's basic procedure, with slight modifications, and describe further work needed to implement remaining recommendations.
Page Last Revised - June 13, 2023
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