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Topics
Data & Maps
Surveys & Programs
Resource Library
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.
View the list of working paper topics.
View the list of working papers by year.
Working Paper
Income Inequality Over Time: How Choice of a Metric Matters
This paper uses one-year estimates from the American Community Survey 2005 - 2015 to explore how household income inequality has changed over time.
Working Paper
Do Imputed Earnings Earn Their Keep?
Do Imputed Earnings Earn Their Keep? Evaluating SIPP Earnings and Nonresponse with Administrative Records
Working Paper
Retirement Income of Women Working Longer
Despite women’s increased labor force attachment over the lifecycle, household surveys do not show increases in retirement income for women at older ages.
Working Paper
Declining Economic Security of Young People Living at Home, 1974-2016
The economic security of people 25–34 who lived in their parents’ home deteriorated over time as their ability to support themselves eroded.
Working Paper
Income Inequality Metrics and Economic Well-being
Examines how the choice of a particular method for measuring income inequality affects the level of income inequality observed in Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Working Paper
Means-Tested Transfers as a Supplement to Earned Income
Research to improve understanding of how low-wage work and the social safety net interact.
Working Paper
Separate but Unequal: The Nature of Income Inequality
Separate but Unequal: The Nature of Income Inequality in U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas
Working Paper
The Effect of Different Tax Calculators on the SPM
This paper compares the Census Bureau’s tax model with the TAXSIM and Bakija models and shows how differences in tax estimates affect the SPM.
Working Paper
Household composition and family well-being
Household composition and family well-being: Exploring the relationship between doubling up and hardship
Working Paper
Poverty by Age & Sex: Examination of Poverty Distribution 1966 - 2014
Poverty by Age and Sex: An Examination of the Distribution in Poverty between 1966 and 2014
Working Paper
Reassessing Wealth Data Quality in SIPP
Reassessing Wealth Data Quality in the Survey of Income and Program Participation.
Working Paper
Measuring Work-Related Expenses in the 2014 SIPP Panel
This research evaluates methods for calculating the work-related expense deduction in the Supplemental Poverty Measure when using data from the 2014 SIPP Panel
Page Last Revised - June 13, 2023
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