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Income Inequality Working Papers

Census Bureau research made available to others to encourage discussion on a range of topics. They have not undergone official review or the editorial process.


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Working Paper
Is Retirement More Unequal Than We Think?
This conference paper examines income inequality among older households using SIPP linked to administrative records.


Working Paper
Multidimensional Inequality


Working Paper
Income Inequality among Regions and MSAs
This paper examines income inequality, the effect of government programs, and how these have changed over time among regions and different sizes of MSAs.


Working Paper
Poverty and Income Inequality in Metropolitan Statistical Areas
This poster examines the relationship between poverty and income inequality in metropolitan statistical areas in 2005 and 2015 using ACS data.


Working Paper
Income Inequality Over Time: How Choice of a Metric Matters
This paper uses one-year estimates from the American Community Survey 2005 - 2015 to explore how household income inequality has changed over time.


Working Paper
Retirement Income of Women Working Longer
Despite women’s increased labor force attachment over the lifecycle, household surveys do not show increases in retirement income for women at older ages.


Working Paper
Income Inequality Metrics and Economic Well-being
Examines how the choice of a particular method for measuring income inequality affects the level of income inequality observed in Metropolitan Statistical Areas


Working Paper
Separate but Unequal: The Nature of Income Inequality
Separate but Unequal: The Nature of Income Inequality in U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas


Working Paper
Measuring Earnings Instability using Survey and Administrative Data
Earnings instability is measured to have different levels depending on the data source and type of measure.


Working Paper
The Impact of ASEC Unrestricted Income Values on Distribution Measures
This report examines two restrictions that limit the reporting of high-income values on the ASEC: a data collection limit and a processing limit.


Working Paper
Household Income Inequality Measures Based on the ACS Data: 2000-2005
Report focuses on several common measures of inequality using household income data from the American Community Survey (ACS) for the years 2000 through 2005.


Working Paper
An Analysis of the Characteristics of Multiple Program Participation
This paper outlines key programs and discusses the findings regarding program participation, including the demographic & social characteristics of participants.


Working Paper
Household Income Inequality Measures Based on the ACS Data: 2000-2005
Report focuses on several common measures of inequality using household income data from the American Community Survey (ACS) for the years 2000 through 2005.


Working Paper
Alternative Measures of Household Income: BEA Personal, CPS, Beyond
This paper considers the differences between measures of personal income and money income.


Working Paper
Direct Measures of Poverty as Indicators of Economic Need
The evidence presented here supports the use of hardship measures as a valid and useful measure of household well-being.


Working Paper
Longitudinal Household Concepts in SIPP: Preliminary Results
This paper reports on research carried out with SIPP to define households over time and construct associated measures of social and economic well-being.

Page Last Revised - November 22, 2021
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