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Supplemental Poverty Measure Working Papers

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Supplemental Poverty Measure Working Papers

Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.

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Geographic Adjustments: Fair Market Rents and the Supplemental Poverty Measure

This paper explores using Fair Market Rent data to geographically adjust poverty thresholds and estimate Supplemental Poverty Measure rates.

Exploring a Method to Produce County-Level Supplemental Poverty Measure Estimates in the American Community Survey

The goal of this paper is to release a methodology to produce county-level Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) estimates from the 1-year ACS.

A Test of Alternative Child Care Expense Capping in the Supplemental Poverty Measure

This paper explores implementation of a recommended change to capping child care expenses in the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) for key groups of parents.

Updating Historical Supplemental Poverty Estimates For 2021 Methodology Changes

This paper presents revised Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rates from 2009 to 2018 using the revised methodology first implemented for 2019 SPM rates.

Health Inclusive Poverty Measure in the United States: 2022

This paper provides estimates of economic well-being using the Health Inclusive Poverty Measure for 2022.

Modeling State Tax Rebate Payments in the 2022 CPS ASEC

This paper summarizes state income tax rebates issued in 2022, inclusion of these payments in Census’s tax model, and impacts on post-tax income estimates.

The Impact of New Disclosure Avoidance Procedures on Estimating Supplemental Poverty Rates Using Public Microdata Files

September 12, 2023

This paper compares poverty estimates between the internal and public use 2022 and 2023 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements.

Alternative School Lunch Valuation in the 2022 Supplemental Poverty Measure

September 12, 2023

This paper describes the updated method for calculating and assigning school lunch values in the 2022 SPM.

Challenges in Producing the 2021 ACS SPM

This paper provides a methodology for producing the Supplemental Poverty Measure in the American Community Survey.

Health Inclusive Poverty Measure Estimates in the United States: 2014 to 2021

This paper presents estimates of Health Inclusive Poverty in the United States from 2014 to 2021.

Measuring Poverty Subannually in the United States: A Methodology Note

This paper discusses a methodology for estimating monthly poverty rates for the United States.

Identifying Gentrification Using Machine Learning

The paper explores machine learning techniques to identify housing units at high risk of gentrification in Washington D.C. Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Methods and Assumptions of the CPS ASEC Tax Model

This paper details the methods and assumptions of the CPS ASEC Tax Model.

The Impact of the 2021 Expanded Child Tax Credit on Child Poverty

November 22, 2022

This paper examines the impact of the expanded Child Tax Credit on child poverty.

School Lunch and P-EBT Valuation in the 2021 SPM

This paper describes the updated method for calculating and assigning school lunch values in the 2021 SPM.

Unbanked and Impoverished? Exploring Banking and Poverty Interactions

Using three leading household surveys, this paper documents how the interaction between bank access and poverty has evolved over time.

Effects of 2020 Census-Based Population Controls on 2020 Estimates

This paper demonstrates the effect of using the 2020 Census-based population controls on the 2020 data by presenting key estimates using both the 2010 and 2020

Examining the Impact of Medical Expenses on Supplemental Poverty Rates

The paper examines the impact of deducting out-of-pocket medical expenses on Supplemental Poverty rates.

The Impact of Alternative Inflation Adjustments on CPS ASEC Income Statistics

This paper documents the implications of using chain type price indices to inflation adjust estimates of historical income and earnings statistics.

Using WIC Administrative Data to Evaluate the SPM

This paper links state administrative data on the WIC program to the CPS ASEC to assess the impact of WIC misreporting on the Supplemental Poverty Measure.

Incorporating Health Insurance in Poverty Measurement: Implementing a Health Inclusive Poverty Measure in the United States

This paper discusses the feasibility of incorporating a value of health insurance in the Supplemental Poverty Measure framework

Alternative School Lunch Valuation in the CPS ASEC During COVID-19

September 14, 2021

This paper describes the school lunch value calculations for the 2020 CPS ASEC, given changes to the school lunch program in response to COVID-19.

Imputing 2020 Economic Impact Payments in the 2021 CPS ASEC

September 14, 2021

Methods for imputing amounts of first- and second-round Economic Impact Payments in the 2021 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement.

Improvements to the Census Bureau’s Supplemental Poverty Measure for 2021

September 08, 2021

This paper summarizes recent improvements to the SPM and compares the 2019 published estimates to estimates incorporating these methodological improvements.

The SPM in the Survey of Income and Program Participation

November 01, 2020

This paper proposes a methodology for estimating the SPM in the 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation Panel and subsequent panels.

Capping Nutritional Assistance in the Supplemental Poverty Measure

October 01, 2020

This paper develops a methodology and investigates the potential impact of capping nutritional assistance benefits in the estimation of the SPM.

Impact of Using State Average WIC Values in the SPM

October 01, 2020

Using data from the 2018 CPS ASEC, this paper analyzes the impact of using state-varying WIC values instead of national WIC values to estimate SPM rates.

The Supplemental Poverty Measure using the American Community Survey

This working paper develops a research series implementing the SPM in the ACS.

Potential Improvements to the SPM for 2021: Resources

This presentation gives an overview of potential changes to SPM resources under consideration for 2021.

Supplemental Poverty Measure: Alternative Geographic Adjustments

This presentation gives an overview of potential changes to geographic adjustments in the SPM under consideration for 2021.

Using ACS Earnings Data to Adjust SPM Thresholds

Impact of using a NCES-style comparable wage index to adjust the Supplemental Poverty Measure thresholds.

Potential Improvements to the Supplemental Poverty Measure

This presentation gives an overview of potential changes to the SPM under consideration for 2021.

The Use and Misuse of Income Data and Extreme Poverty

This paper examines extreme poverty in the U.S. using household surveys linked to administrative records.

What Housing Assistance Support Recipients Report

November 04, 2019

We investigate the factors that distinguish which of two alternative rent concepts ACS householders receiving HUD housing rent assistance are reporting.

Improving Estimation of Nutritional Assistance Programs in the SPM

This presentation gives an overview of potential changes to nutritional assistance programs in the SPM under consideration for 2021.

Working and poor: using the SPM to evaluate the safety net for workers

This paper explores the extent to which public safety net programs, including cash assistance and non-cash benefits, alleviate poverty among workers.

Page Last Revised - December 16, 2021

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