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Resource Library
Poverty Working Papers
Poverty Working Papers
Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.
View the list of working paper topics or list of working papers by year.
Working Paper
A Test of Alternative Child Care Expense Capping in the Supplemental Poverty Measure
This paper explores implementation of a recommended change to capping child care expenses in the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) for key groups of parents.
Working Paper
Updating Historical Supplemental Poverty Estimates For 2021 Methodology Changes
This paper presents revised Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rates from 2009 to 2018 using the revised methodology first implemented for 2019 SPM rates.
Working Paper
A Revision and Update of the Multidimensional Hardship Index
Multidimensional Hardship Index rates for the months April 2020 through March 2023.
Working Paper
Estimates of the Population Experiencing Homelessness and Living in Shelters
This paper provides estimates and explores the demographics of the population experiencing homelessness and living in shelters using the 2018-2022 5-year ACS.
Working Paper
Modeling the 2021 Child Tax Credit in the CPS ASEC
Modeling the 2021 Child Tax Credit in the CPS ASEC.
Working Paper
Measuring Poverty Subannually in the United States: A Methodology Note
This paper discusses a methodology for estimating monthly poverty rates for the United States.
Working Paper
Well-being by Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation
Working Paper
Monthly Financial Insecurity Estimates using the Household Pulse Survey
This paper is a comparison of monthly financial insecurity and poverty estimates.
Working Paper
School Lunch and P-EBT Valuation in the 2021 SPM
This paper describes the updated method for calculating and assigning school lunch values in the 2021 SPM.
Working Paper
Unbanked and Impoverished? Exploring Banking and Poverty Interactions
Using three leading household surveys, this paper documents how the interaction
between bank access and poverty has evolved over time.
Working Paper
Producing County-level MDI Rates Using Public Use Data: 2010 to 2019
This paper explains how new estimates are used to explore how county MDI rates differed throughout the country and changed from 2010 through 2019.
Working Paper
Self-Employment Status: Imputations, Implications, and Improvements
A paper that examines the quality of self-employment imputation in Census surveys.
Working Paper
Alternative School Lunch Valuation in the CPS ASEC During COVID-19
This paper describes the school lunch value calculations for the 2020 CPS ASEC, given changes to the school lunch program in response to COVID-19.
Working Paper
Heart Disease Death Rates and Trends by County-Level Deprivation
This study examines geographic patterns of heart disease death rates and recent changes in death rates for adults aged 35-64 years by level of deprivation.
Working Paper
Multidimensional Hardship in the U.S. during the COVID-19 Pandemic
This paper uses data from the Household Pulse Survey to estimate a multidimensional hardship index during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Working Paper
The Value Added of a Multidimensional Deprivation Index
The value of a multidimensional deprivation index over and above income poverty measures is explored.
Working Paper
The Census Multidimensional Deprivation Index: Revised and Updated
This is a revised Multidimensional Deprivation Index for the years 2010 through 2019.
Working Paper
The SPM in the Survey of Income and Program Participation
This paper proposes a methodology for estimating the SPM in the 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation Panel and subsequent panels.
Working Paper
Benchmarking the Redesigned Survey of Income and Program Participation
This poster compares estimates of social insurance and pension income in SIPP, National Income and Product Accounts, and administrative records.
Working Paper
Capping Nutritional Assistance in the Supplemental Poverty Measure
This paper develops a methodology and investigates the potential impact of capping nutritional assistance benefits in the estimation of the SPM.
Working Paper
Impact of Using State Average WIC Values in the SPM
Using data from the 2018 CPS ASEC, this paper analyzes the impact of using state-varying WIC values instead of national WIC values to estimate SPM rates.
Working Paper
An Analysis of the Gender Poverty Gap
This paper explores the gender poverty gap using the American Community Survey and how this gap varies by state and by demographic groups.
Working Paper
Poverty and the Incidence of Material Hardship, Revisited
This working paper uses the Survey of Income and Program Participation to examine trends in hardship over time.
Working Paper
The Supplemental Poverty Measure using the American Community Survey
This working paper develops a research series implementing the SPM in the ACS.
Working Paper
Poverty Dynamics: An Overview of Longitudinal Poverty Estimates
This paper describes poverty using measures with different time horizons and studies the frequency of transitions into and out of poverty in the United States.
Working Paper
The Administrative Income Statistics (AIS) Project: Research on the Use of Administrative Records to Improve Income and Resource Estimates
We review research on mis-reporting and non-response bias in income surveys. We discuss research needed to use administrative data to reduce these biases.
Working Paper
Examining Year to Year Poverty Changes by CPS ASEC Processing Systems
This paper compares poverty rates in 2016 and 2017 between the legacy and updated CPS ASEC processing system, examining changes by demographic and income edits.
Working Paper
Puerto Rican-Origin Children’s Living Arrangements
This research examines the ties among poverty, family migration and living arrangements of Puerto Rican-origin children living in PR and the US.
Working Paper
The Opioid Prescribing Rate and Grandparents Raising Grandchildren
This poster examines the relationship between the opioid prescribing rate and grandparents raising grandchildren.
Working Paper
Using Administrative Records to Evaluate Child Care Expense Reporting
In this poster, we link self-reported child care expenses in the CPS ASEC to CCDF child care subsidy administrative records to see how closely they align.
Working Paper
Bridging Differences in the Measurement of Poverty
This paper examines how implementing the redesigned CPS ASEC processing system affects poverty rates in 2016, decomposing changes by demographic & income edits.
Working Paper
Multidimensional Inequality
Working Paper
Using SNAP Admin Records and TRIM3 to Evaluate Poverty Measurement
In this poster, we link state SNAP administrative records and Transfer Income Model data to the CPS ASEC to examine two outcomes related to poverty measurement.
Working Paper
Using SNAP Admin Records and TRIM3 to Evaluate Poverty Measurement
In this paper, we link state SNAP administrative records and Transfer Income Model data to the CPS ASEC to examine two outcomes related to poverty measurement.
Working Paper
Poverty Dynamics in the 2014 SIPP
This paper examines trends in poverty using the redesigned Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) 2014 Panel
Working Paper
Using SNAP Administrative Records to Evaluate Poverty Measurement
In this paper, we link state SNAP administrative records to the CPS ASEC to examine two main outcomes related to poverty measurement.
Page Last Revised - December 16, 2021
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