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Financial Insecurity and Hardship in the Pulse: An In-Depth Look at Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation

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Working Paper Number SEHSD WP2023-16

Introduction

Currently, many household surveys in the United States do not explicitly ask respondents about their gender identity and sexual orientation. The American Community Survey and the Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement ask about same-sex and opposite-sex spouses and partners; however, there are no direct questions about sexual orientation. The Household Pulse Survey, which was started to examine the well-being of people on a frequent and timely basis during the COVID-19 pandemic, introduced questions about gender identity and sexual orientation in Phase 3.2, which began in July of 2021. This marks the first time a Census Bureau survey included questions about gender identity and sexual orientation. In this paper, I explore how non-cisgender and sexual minorities fared during the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of financial insecurity, job insecurity, mental health, housing insecurity, and food insufficiency. I compare these financial insecurity and hardship rates over time and to those of cisgender and straight people. Finally, I run a linear probability model to examine how gender identity and sexual orientation are related to financial insecurity and hardship while holding other demographics constant.

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Page Last Revised - April 20, 2023
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