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Disclosure Avoidance Protections by Data Product

Top-line information about plans and status for each data product’s disclosure avoidance protections:

Visit the About 2020 Census Data Products webpage for more information.

Compare 2010 and 2020 Census data product release dates.

Compare all 2020 Census data products in this At A Glance table.

On this page:

2020 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File

  • Subjects: Voting age, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, housing occupancy status, group quarters population by major group quarters type​

  • Lowest level of geography: Census block​

  • Access: FTP site in August (links to data files and support materials are available on the Decennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data Summary Files page); data.census.gov on September 16​

  • Date: Released on FTP August 12, 2021; the same data released on data.census.gov on September 16, 2021

Algorithm: TopDown Algorithm

Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (DHC)

This product provides detailed demographic and housing characteristics about the nation and local communities. We encourage data users to aggregate small populations and geographies to improve accuracy and diminish implausible results.

  • Subjects: Age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, household type, family type, relationship to householder, group quarters population, housing occupancy, and housing tenure.
  • Access: data.census.gov. Direct links to popular tables are available on the DHC webpage.
  • Lowest level of geography: Varies, with many tables available for census blocks.
  • Release date: May 25, 2023.
  • Data Table Guide: Includes the list of tables, lowest level of geography by table, and table shells.
  • Equivalent 2010 Census product: The 2010 Census Summary File 1 is the closest equivalent to the DHC. For information about these differences between these products, visit the DHC webpage.

Demographic Profile

This product provides selected demographic and housing characteristics about the nation and local communities.

  • Subjects: Age, sex, race, Hispanic or Latino origin, household type, relationship to householder, group quarters population, housing occupancy, and housing tenure.
  • Access: data.census.gov. Direct links to national and state-level tables are available on the Demographic Profile webpage.
  • Lowest level of geography: Tracts. 
  • Release date: May 25, 2023.
  • Data Table Guide: Includes the final list of tables, lowest level of geography by table and table shells.
  • Equivalent 2010 Census product: The 2020 Census Demographic Profile is very similar to the 2010 Census Demographic Profile. The content is the same except for a few statistics related to household size that are planned for inclusion in the Supplemental Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (S-DHC).

Detailed Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (Detailed DHC)

The Detailed DHC will provide population counts, as well as demographic and housing statistics for detailed racial and ethnic groups, and American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and villages. 

Based on data user feedback and development of the disclosure avoidance system, we’ve split the Detailed DHC into three separate products described below.  

  • The Detailed DHC-A and Detailed DHC-B will provide statistics for detailed racial and ethnic groups and American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and villages.   

  • The Supplemental-DHC will provide characteristics about people within households.  

  • Data Table Guide: Includes the final list of tables, lowest level of geography by table and table shells for the DHC (and Demographic Profile).

Additional information comparing the 2020 tables to the 2010 tables is available in the 2020 Census Data Product Crosswalk. This crosswalk was released May 31, 2023.

Detailed Demographic and Housing Characteristics File A (Detailed DHC-A)

  • Subjects: Population counts and sex by age statistics for approximately 1,500 detailed racial and ethnic groups, such as German, Lebanese, Jamaican, Chinese, Native Hawaiian, and Mexican, as well as American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) tribes and villages like the Navajo Nation.
  • Access: data.census.gov. Direct links to popular tables and summary file tables are available on the Detailed DHC-A webpage
  • Geographies: Nation, state, county, places (cities and towns), census tracts, and American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian (AIANNH) areas. Please note, the amount of data available for the detailed racial and ethnic groups and AIAN tribes and villages depends on their population size within a specific geography. This approach allows the Census Bureau to produce as much detail as possible while ensuring strong confidentiality protections.
  • Release date: September 21, 2023.
  • Detailed Race and Ethnicity Crosswalk 2010 to 2020: Outlines which codes were used to tabulate each group in the 2010 Census and 2020 Census.
  • Equivalent 2010 Census product: The Detailed DHC-A (in combination with the forthcoming Detailed DHC-B) is the successor to the 2010 Census Summary File 2 and the 2010 Census American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File.

Detailed Demographic and Housing Characteristics File B (Detailed DHC-B)

  • Subjects: Household type and tenure information for the same detailed race and ethnicity groups and American Indian and Alaska Native tribes and villages mentioned for the Detailed DHC-A. 

  • Access: data.census.gov.

  • 2020 geographies: Nation, state, county, places (cities and towns), census tracts, and American Indian/Alaska Native/Native Hawaiian (AIANNH) areas.

  • Planned release date: September 2024. 

Supplemental Demographic and Housing Characteristics File (S-DHC)

The S-DHC tables reflect especially complex relationships between the characteristics about households and the people living in them. These complex characteristics supplement the data about households and people available in the DHC product. We often refer to these tables as “complex person-household join tables” or “join tables.”  Some tables are repeated by race and ethnicity.

  • Subjects: Data that combine characteristics about households and the people living in them, including the total population in households, average household size by age and tenure, average family size, household and family type for people under 18 years old, and total population in households by tenure. 

  • Access: data.census.gov.

  • 2020 geographies: Nation, state.

  • Planned release date: September 2024. 

Privacy Protected Microdata Files (PPMF)

These Privacy-Protected Microdata Files (PPMF) will come from the production run of the DHC, which incorporates all data included in the 2020 Census Redistricting Data (P.L. 94-171) Summary File. The PPMF will consist of separate files for people and housing units. The PPMF provide the complete set of privacy-protected records. The precursor to the PPMF – the 2010 Census Public Use Microdata Sample – provided a 10 percent sample of the records.

  • Subjects: All subjects in the DHC release.

  • Access: ftp.census.gov

  • Proposed 2020 geographies: The files will include block geocode identifiers enabling data users to generate custom tabulations for numerous geographic levels. 

  • Release date: To be determined, but it will follow the DHC release.

Page Last Revised - February 6, 2024
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