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Topics
Data & Maps
Surveys & Programs
Resource Library
Research Working Papers
Research Working Papers
Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.
List of working papers by series.
Working Paper
Marriage Then Carriage? Marital and Fertility Patterns Among Women by Birth Cohort
This research includes women born 1940 to 1979 and select comparisons will be made by ten-year birth cohorts, as well as by race and Hispanic origin.
Working Paper
A Joint Confidence Region for a Ranking Based on Differences
A Joint Confidence Region for a Ranking Based on Differences
Working Paper
A Multinomial Analysis of Bilingual Training and Nonresponse Follow...
A Multinomial Analysis of Bilingual Training and Nonresponse Follow-up Contact Rates in the 2020 Decennial Census
Working Paper
How Big is Small? The Economic Effects of Access to Small Business Subsidies
We study the small firm growth effects of SBA industry size standards that determine eligibility for small business subsidies.
Working Paper
Gradient Boosting to Address Statistical Problems Arising from Non-Linkage of U.S. Census Bureau Datasets
This article is a tutorial for using twangRDC to generate nonresponse weights to account for non-linkage of person records across U.S. Census Bureau datasets.
Working Paper
Household Monthly Rent Cost and Affordability: 2015 to 2021
This paper presents rent amounts paid before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic using American Housing Survey data.
Working Paper
Revisiting Methods to Assign Responses when Race and Hispanic Origin Reporting are Discrepant Across Administrative Records and Third Party Sources
This paper discusses changes to the business rules for assigning ethnicity to the pre-decennial Best Race and Ethnicity administrative records composite file.
Working Paper
School Equalization in the Shadow of Jim Crow: Causes and Consequences of Resource Disparity in Mississippi circa 1940
Black schools in Mississippi remained underfunded following a finance equalization effort in 1920 at the expense of students’ long-term economic outcomes.
Working Paper
U.S. Worker Mobility Across Establishments within Firms: Scope, Prevalence, and Effects on Worker Earnings
This paper describes workers' opportunities to switch establishments within multi-establishment firms and assesses their impact on worker earnings growth.
Working Paper
Mobility, Opportunity, and Volatility Statistics (MOVS): Infrastructure Files and Public Use Data
We introduce the Mobility, Opportunity, and Volatility Statistics (MOVS) project, new public use data on income growth and household dynamics.
Working Paper
Does Rapid Transit and Light Rail Infrastructure Improve Labor Market Outcomes?
I analyze the effects of proximity to Los Angeles’s recent public transit expansions on local employment outcomes.
Working Paper
Interpreting Cohort Profiles of Lifecycle Earnings Volatility
We present new estimates of earnings volatility over time and the lifecycle for men and women by race and human capital using SSA earnings linked to CPS.
Working Paper
After the Storm: How Emergency Liquidity Helps Small Businesses Following Natural Disasters
We show that SBA disaster loans to firms reduce distress, increase growth, and crowd-in private credit, which seems to reflect resolving repair uncertainty.
Working Paper
The Impact of Immigration on Firms and Workers: Insights from the H-1B Lottery
We study how random variation in the availability of skilled, foreign-born workers—generated by the 2007 H-1B visa lottery—impacts firms and workers.
Working Paper
Where Are Your Parents? Exploring Potential Bias in Administrative Records on Children
This paper examines potential bias in the Census Household Composition Key's (CHCK) probabilistic parent-child linkages.
Working Paper
Grassroots Design Meets Grassroots Innovation: Rural Design Orientation and Firm Performance
Evidence of faster employment growth by firms applying a structured approach to design shows its the key role as an input to innovation.
Working Paper
Tracking Firm Use of AI in Real Time: A Snapshot from the Business Trends and Outlook Survey
We provide new evidence on recent and expected future use of AI by U.S. businesses based on timely data from the Business Trends and Outlook Survey.
Working Paper
Family Resources and Human Capital in Economic Downturns
This paper examines the impacts of the Great Recession on adolescents over the parent income gradient and finds that middle-class children were most at risk.
Working Paper
Examining Racial Identity Responses Among People with Middle Eastern and North African Ancestry in the American Community Survey
We examine unedited race responses for people of Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) ancestry on the American Community Survey between 2005-2019.
Working Paper
Good Dispersion, Bad Dispersion
Productivity is more dispersed across plants within firms than across firms. Rather than misallocation, this may reflect optimal reallocation of internal funds.
Working Paper
Neighborhood Revitalization and Residential Sorting
The HOPE VI revitalization program reduced neighborhood poverty rates experienced by subsidized renters.
Working Paper
High-Growth Firms in the United States: Key Trends and New Data Opportunities
We introduce new public-use BDS statistics capturing the stock and flows of employment, firms, and establishments along the firm growth rate distribution.
Working Paper
The Long-Term Effects of Income for At-Risk Infants: Evidence from Supplemental Security Income
This paper examines whether a generous cash intervention early in life can "undo" some of the long-term disadvantage associated with poor health at birth.
Working Paper
Starting Up AI
We document the rise in AI-related business applications between 2004-2023 and analyze the performance of businesses originating from these applications.
Working Paper
Scientific Talent Leaks Out of Funding Gaps
How do NIH grant funding delays affect research personnel's careers? We find a 3pp increase in not working in the US, and 20% decreased long run earnings.
Working Paper
Mitigating Residual Seasonality while Preserving Accounting Relati...
Mitigating Residual Seasonality while Preserving Accounting Relations in Hierarchical Time Series
Working Paper
Text-To-Web for Measuring User Satisfaction with the Online Census
Experiment testing whether time of day the text was sent (12 noon or 6 pm) influenced overall response rate or satisfaction.
Working Paper
Understanding and Optimal Tightening of the KWW Joint Confidence Re...
Understanding and Optimal Tightening of the KWW Joint Confidence Region for a Ranking
Working Paper
Accounting for Trade Patterns
We develop a quantitative framework for exactly decomposing trade patterns into economically meaningful components.
Working Paper
The Rise of Specialized Firms
This paper finds that specialized firms have substantially increased their share of U.S. production and links this finding to rising concentration.
Working Paper
Low-Wage Jobs, Foreign-Born Workers, and Firm Performance
We find that access to migrant workers through the H-2B visa program raises firm revenues and survival likelihood with limited crowd-out of incumbent workers.
Working Paper
Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Unlock the power of artificial intelligence for fairness in demographic models!
Working Paper
Mobile Survey Design Research - Experiment 18: Response Options
Usability study compared response option icon size and button size on respondent performance.
Page Last Revised - December 16, 2021
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