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Working Papers

Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.

View the list of working paper topics.

View the list of working papers by year.


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Working Paper
Family Pies: Effects of Family Resource Shares in Childhood
Effects of birth order on various outcomes have been extensively studied in both life sciences and social sciences.


Working Paper
Unbanked and Impoverished? Exploring Banking and Poverty Interactions
Using three leading household surveys, this paper documents how the interaction between bank access and poverty has evolved over time.


Working Paper
Benchmarking the Redesigned Survey of Income and Program Participation
This poster compares estimates of social insurance and pension income in SIPP, National Income and Product Accounts, and administrative records.


Working Paper
Unpacking Earnings of the Foreign-Born Workforce
Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America.


Working Paper
Employment Transitions among the Self-Employed
Entrepreneurs base their decision to start a business on a range of factors, from age, education and assets to macroeconomic conditions.


Working Paper
An Examination of Retirement Income for the 65+ Population
Every several years the SIPP is supplemented by a topical module which measures the retirement income and retirement plan coverage of the population.


Working Paper
Fathers, Children, and the Intergenerational Transmission of Employers
Documents the tendency of fathers in the U.S. to share employers with their sons and daughters.


Working Paper
Using W2 Administrative Records to Compare SIPP & SIPP-EHC
To reduce costs and improve data quality, the SIPP was reengineered by using a longer retrospective reference period and adopting an event history calendar.


Working Paper
SIPP Work Experience and Earnings Associations
This paper focuses on the earnings of individuals based on years of experience.


Working Paper
The Impact of a Mother' s Decision to Work
Do children with stay-at-home mothers have higher adult earnings or more labor force experience by a given age?


Working Paper
Changing Levels of Spousal Education and Labor Force Supply
The purpose of this paper is to describe the labor force behavior of married couples where the woman is more educated than her husband.


Working Paper
Income Estimation for Former Household Members in the Redesigned SIPP
We test the efficacy of the SIPP-EHC with regard to the capture of data on earned income from former household members.


Working Paper
The Seasonality of Moves: 2009
This paper analyzes the seasonality of moves in the United States.


Working Paper
Can Americans Afford to Retire?
As members of the baby-boomer generation approach retirement age, much attention has been focused on whether these individuals are prepared for retirement.


Working Paper
The buffer stock model of money demand: evidence from panel data
This study empirically shows that the speed of adjustment is fast at the microeconomic level.


Working Paper
Children's Religious Attendance and Child Well-Being
This analysis explores the role of religious attendance in relationship to parental support, school attachment and academic achievement among children.


Working Paper
The Low-Income Dynamics and Persistent Poverty of U.S. Families
This paper provides a descriptive analysis that evaluates the low-income dynamics for families.


Working Paper
AAPOR Roundtable: Improving Income Measurement
The objectives of the project are to improve response rates in SIPP, to reduce burden, and to improve data quality.


Working Paper
Using the SIPP for Policy Analysis
This paper examines the national survey context for the SIPP and discusses some of the remaining challenges the Census Bureau faces in the years ahead.


Working Paper
Wage Data Quality Assessment in the March CPS and the SIPP
This report assesses the data quality of annual wage data in the March CPS and the SIPP.


Working Paper
Home Equity, Wealth, and Financial Assets of U.S. Households in 1995
This report describes patterns of homeownership, home equity, and other assets and debts of U.S. households in 1995.


Working Paper
The SIPP - Recent History and Future Developments
This paper reports on recent Census Bureau initiatives that have made the SIPP data easier to use.


Working Paper
Social Security Earnings of Wives Relative to their Husbands
An extension of a previous evaluation in which the effectiveness of the methods in estimating amounts for food stamps recipiency was evaluated.


Working Paper
Longitudinal Imputation of SIPP Food Stamp Benefits
This research examines the current and three alternative longitudinal imputation methods as applied to the SIPP item of food stamp income.


Working Paper
An Evaluation and Analysis of Reservation Wage Data from SIPP
The reservation wage is an important element in an individual’s decision to participate in the labor market.


Working Paper
Rationale for a SIPP-Based Microsimulation Model of SSI and OASDI
Both SSI and certain provisions of the OASDI program have income adequacy objectives, either program could address the needs of low-income elderly widows.


Working Paper
Trends in Income and Wealth of the Elderly in the 1980's
Not everyone benefited from the prosperity of the 1980’s, it is of interest to find out how the elderly, or persons age 65 and over, fared in these years.


Working Paper
The Flow of Household Income in the 1984 SIPP
This paper illustrates the construction of duration-weighted total and per-capita measures of household income.


Working Paper
Aging and the Income Value of Housing Wealth
This paper analyzes the extent to which housing equity could change the consumption of the elderly, if housing equity were converted to a more liquid form.


Working Paper
Wages and Employment Among the Working Poor: New Evidence from SIPP
Uses the detailed labor force information available from the SIPP to examine wages, employment patterns, and sources of income among the working poor.


Working Paper
Alternative Estimates of Economic Well-Being by Age
This paper examines the use of income-wealth measures for the analysis of the distribution of economic well-being for age groups in the current period.


Working Paper
Reflections on the Income Estimates from the Initial Panel of the SIPP
This paper offers a tentative interpretation of important aspects of the income data available from the first SIPP panel.


Working Paper
The Regular Receipt of Child Support: A Multi-Step Process
This paper examines factors that may determine how much child support income a custodial parent receives.


Working Paper
Income and Assets of Social Security Beneficiaries by Type of Benefit
A look at the economic status of five beneficiary groups, including average income & poverty rates, the composition of income & level of asset holdings.


Working Paper
Investigation of Possible Causes of Transition Patterns for SIPP
Determines if respondents that reported transitions between waves had different demographic characteristics than those that reported transitions within waves.


Working Paper
Job Tenure, Liftetime Work Interruptions, and Wage Differentials
This paper is a regression study that quantifies the effect of various factors on the earnings of men and women.

Page Last Revised - December 16, 2021
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