In a collaboration with Raj Chetty and Nathan Hendren from Harvard University and John Friedman from Brown University, Census researchers constructed the following data tables used in the Opportunity Atlas data tool. These data are a comprehensive Census tract-level dataset of children’s outcomes in adulthood using data covering nearly the entire U.S. population. For each tract, we estimate children’s outcomes in adulthood such as earnings distributions and incarceration rates by parental income, race, and gender. These estimates allow us to trace the roots of outcomes such as poverty and incarceration to the neighborhoods in which children grew up.

To build these data, we use de-identified data from the 2000 and 2010 decennial Censuses linked to data from Federal income tax returns and the 2005-2015 American Community Surveys (ACS) to obtain information on income, parental characteristics, children's neighborhoods, and other variables. We focus on children born between 1978-1983, including those born in the U.S. and authorized childhood immigrants. Our data include the characteristics of 20 million children, approximately 94% of all children born during the time period.

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• Opportunity Atlas Interactive Mapping Tool
• Executive Summary
  
• Slides
  
• Full paper