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The rational expectations revolution has transformed the methodology of macroeconometric research. In the new style, the researcher typically begins by specifying a dynamic optimization problem faced by agents in the model economy. Then the researcher derives the solution to the optimization problem, expressed as a stochastic model for some observable economic variable(s). A trademark of research in this tradition is that each of the parameters in the model for the observable variables is endowed with a specific economic interpretation. The last step in the research program is the application of the model to actual economic data to see whether the model conforms with the data. The trend toward this style of research has been especially striking in the consumption literature.
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