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Agency History
Learn more about our facilities, our innovations, and the who played a role in shaping the U.S. Census Bureau.
Census Records & Family History
The United States has collected data about its population since 1790 and continues to collect data every 10 years. Learn how to find previous census records.
Historical Censuses & Surveys
Learn how the census expanded over time from a simple headcount in 1790, to over 200 different surveys today.
Galleries & Archives
View publications, maps, and more that provide information about the history of the Census Bureau and its programs.

Our Stories

As part of its ongoing mission to serve as the institutional memory of the U.S. Census Bureau, the History Staff continues to conduct interviews with retiring or retired Census Bureau employees. These oral histories provide a special insight into census operations and planning.

The careers of the employees interviewed not only include many key decisions and developments in census and survey policy and methodology (privacy and confidentiality, statistical sampling, disclosure analysis, etc.), but also illustrate how the agency and federal government have adapted to changes in presidential administrations, economic highs and lows, and national and international events.

Donald E. Young
Donald E. Young worked as a statistician for the U.S. Census Bureau for 35 years (1950–1985).
Jerry Cooper
Jerry Cooper worked for the U.S. Census Bureau for 27 years and retired from the Office of the Associate Director for Data Collection and Processing in 1973.
Frederick T. Knickerbocker
Frederick T. Knickerbocker became the U.S. Census Bureau's associate director for Economic Programs in March 1995, and retired in April 2005.
Genora Louis Birdsong
Genora Birdsong's interest in geography led to a 50-plus year career at the Jeffersonville, IN National Processing Center.
Charles D. Jones
Charles D. Jones was a 34-year veteran of the U.S. Census Bureau.
Harry C. O'Haver
Harry C. O'Haver began his career with the U.S. Census Bureau working as a crew leader in Detroit, MI, in the early 1950s.
Arthur G. Dukakis
Arthur G. Dukakis came to the U.S. Census Bureau's Field Division from the U.S. State Department in 1960.
William G. Bostic, Jr.
William G. Bostic, Jr., joined the U.S. Census Bureau in 1976 and has been the agency's Associate Director for Economic Programs since August 2010.
Robert L. Hagan
Robert L. Hagan served as both Deputy Director (1972-1979) and (from March to May 1973) Acting Director of the Census Bureau.
Arthur F. Young
Arthur F. Young began his career at the U.S. Census Bureau working in Field Division's Washington, D.C., regional office in July 1952.
Conrad Taeuber
Conrad Taeuber began his career at the U.S. Census Bureau as Assistant Director for Demographic Fields in 1951.
Richard M. Scammon
Richard M. Scammon served as Director of the Census Bureau from 1961-1965.
Martha Farnsworth Riche
Martha Farnsworth Riche served as Director of the Census Bureau from 1994-1998.
Daniel B. Levine
Daniel B. Levine served as Deputy Director of the Census Bureau from 1979-1982.
C. Louis Kincannon
C. Louis Kincannon, who would return as Director of the Census Bureau in 2002, served as deputy director from 1982-1992.
Shirley Kallek
Shirly Kallek, a pioneer in the use of administrative records in censuses and surveys, served as Associate Director for Economic Fields.
John G. Keane
John G. Keane served as Director of the Census Bureau from 1984-1987.
Morris H. Hansen
Morris H. Hansen was, perhaps, the most influential statistician in the evolution of survey methodology in the 20th century.
Edwin D. Goldfield
Edwin D. Goldfield had a long career at the Census Bureau, serving in a variety of positions from 1940-1975.
A. Ross Eckler
A. Ross Eckler served as Director of the Census Bureau from 1965-1969.
Joseph F. Daly
Joseph F. Daly joined the Census Bureau as a statistician in 1946.
William P. Butz
William P. Butz served as Associate Director for Demographic Fields or Programs from 1982-1995.
Barbara Everitt Bryant
Barbara Everitt Bryant served as Director of the Census Bureau from 1989-1993, overseeing the 1990 census.
Vincent Barabba
Vincent Barabba served as Director of the Census Bureau from 1973-1976 and 1979-1981, overseeing the 1980 census.
Page Last Revised - October 9, 2023
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