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Supplemental Poverty Measure Working Papers

Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.

View the list of working paper topics.

View the list of working papers by year.


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Working Paper
Examining the Incidence and Depth of Poverty in the U.S. 2012
This paper expands on information about estimates of a Supplemental Poverty Measure for the U.S. reported earlier (Short, 2012).


Working Paper
Comparing Supplemental Poverty Measure Thresholds and Family Budgets
The Census Bureau reports on the SPM compared income-to-poverty‐threshold ratios using the official and the SPM.


Working Paper
Supplemental Poverty Measure: SIPP 2004
This paper describes in some detail the challenge of changing and moving the measurement of poverty in the CPS to measuring poverty in the SIPP.


Working Paper
Estimating the value of WIC benefits for the SPM
This paper proposes a measurement change for the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC).


Working Paper
Supplemental Poverty Measure: Geographic Adjustments
The Supplemental Poverty Measure adjusts the housing portion of the thresholds for differences in costs, and the food portion.


Working Paper
Comparing Supplemental Poverty Thresholds and Family Budgets
Explores how to characterize various percentages of Supplemental Poverty Measure threshold relative to standard budgets and to the official poverty thresholds.


Working Paper
Life on the Edge: Living Near Poverty in the United States, 1966-2011
This paper takes a deeper look at those living just above the official poverty thresholds.


Working Paper
Changes in Poverty Measurement
Explores trends in the gender disparities in poverty status and describes the impact of using an alternative poverty measure.

Page Last Revised - December 16, 2021
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