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Supplemental Poverty Measure Working Papers

Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.

View the list of working paper topics.

View the list of working papers by year.


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Working Paper
Updating the Poverty Thresholds with Expenditure Data
This paper explores the empirical basis of the panel's recommendations and suggestions about setting and updating the poverty thresholds.


Working Paper
The Development of the Orshansky Poverty Thresholds
This paper first describes how Orshansky developed the poverty thresholds.


Working Paper
Valuing Housing Subsidies in a Measure of Poverty in the SIPP
The Census Bureau currently estimates housing subsidies in the Current Population Survey to provide an estimate of the subsidy effect on poverty.


Working Paper
The Case of Out-Of-Pocket Medical Expenditures
The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) is the premiere data source for computing poverty using the proposed alternative measurement methods.


Working Paper
An Overview of Poverty Lines in the United States from 1904 to 1965
To study the history of American poverty lines, one must be familiar with the concept of the "standard budget."


Working Paper
Developing Poverty Thresholds Using Expenditure Data
In this paper, we examine each five issues, focusing on the data and methodological issues related to the estimation of thresholds using CE data.


Working Paper
Valuing Housing Subsidies in a New Measure of Poverty Using the CPS
It is intuitively obvious that adding near-cash equivalents to cash income reduces the poverty rate.


Working Paper
Who's at Risk? Designing a Medical Care Risk Index
This paper strives to operationalize the concept of a Medical Care Risk Index and recommend an approach for computing the index.


Working Paper
Changing the Way the United States Measures Income and Poverty
This paper discusses alternative definitions of income and considerations in measuring poverty.


Working Paper
In Search of Truth “How Much do Americans Spend on their Health Care?”
The purpose of this memo is to explore what we know about American’s spending on health care and especially how much of it comes out of the family’s budgets.


Working Paper
What Are the Issues in Implementing the Survey of Program Dynamics?
We are planning a Survey of Program Dynamics to simultaneously measure important features of the full range of welfare and other social and economic programs.


Working Paper
Experimental Poverty Measurement for the 1990’s
The purpose of this paper is to report on operationalizing the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) Panel’s basic proposed procedure in a test environment.


Working Paper
The Effect of Nonfamily Household Relationships on Measures of Poverty
This paper used the 1990 and 1992 SIPP to examine several of the practical and conceptual issues of changing the definition of "family."

Page Last Revised - December 16, 2021
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