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Resource Library
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.
View the list of working paper topics.
View the list of working papers by year.
Working Paper
Singles' Safety Net in the United States
This paper examines social safety net participation of single adults in the United States using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation.
Working Paper
Geographic Adjustments: Fair Market Rents and the Supplemental Poverty Measure
This paper explores using Fair Market Rent data to geographically adjust poverty thresholds and estimate Supplemental Poverty Measure rates.
Working Paper
Short-term Household Members and Income Estimation in the SIPP
Working paper exploring the data implications of the mode of collection for the inclusion of short-term household members in a longitudinal household survey.
Working Paper
Exploring a Method to Produce County-Level Supplemental Poverty Measure Estimates in the American Community Survey
The goal of this paper is to release a methodology to produce county-level Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) estimates from the 1-year ACS.
Working Paper
A Test of Alternative Child Care Expense Capping in the Supplemental Poverty Measure
This paper explores implementation of a recommended change to capping child care expenses in the Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) for key groups of parents.
Working Paper
Updating Historical Supplemental Poverty Estimates For 2021 Methodology Changes
This paper presents revised Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) rates from 2009 to 2018 using the revised methodology first implemented for 2019 SPM rates.
Working Paper
Health Inclusive Poverty Measure in the United States: 2022
This paper provides estimates of economic well-being using the Health Inclusive Poverty Measure for 2022.
Working Paper
A Revision and Update of the Multidimensional Hardship Index
Multidimensional Hardship Index rates for the months April 2020 through March 2023.
Working Paper
Estimates of the Population Experiencing Homelessness and Living in Shelters
This paper provides estimates and explores the demographics of the population experiencing homelessness and living in shelters using the 2018-2022 5-year ACS.
Page Last Revised - June 13, 2023
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