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Income & Poverty Working Papers

Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.

View the list of working paper topics.

View the list of working papers by year.


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Working Paper
Poverty in the U.S. Taking Account of Taxes and Transfers in 2011
This paper expands on information about estimates of a Supplemental Poverty Measure for the U.S. reported earlier (Short, 2012).


Working Paper
The Impact of a Mother' s Decision to Work
Do children with stay-at-home mothers have higher adult earnings or more labor force experience by a given age?


Working Paper
The Living Arrangements of Young Adults in the U.S. 1995-2011
Examines how changes in living arrangements for young adults over the period were affected by the recession.


Working Paper
Marital Homogamy and Economic Vulnerability During the Great Recession
Examines whether those employed/formerly employed in occupations that were hard‐hit by the recession were more likely to have employed partners after recession.


Working Paper
EITC Estimates in the CPS ASEC Simulations of After - Tax Income
The SEHSD of the Census Bureau regularly releases estimates of household income for the United States using information collected in the CPS Annual Supplement.


Working Paper
Understanding Income-to-Threshold Ratios Using the SPM
This paper presents additional information about “moderate” income individuals with resources between 1 and 2 times the SPM thresholds.


Working Paper
Standard Budgets (Basic Needs Budgets) in the United States Since 2006
A “standard budget” is a list of goods and services that a family of a specified size and composition would need to live at a designated level of well-being.


Working Paper
Changing the Face of Poor Lone Mothers
This paper analyzes how changes in poverty measurement affect the poverty rate of lone mother families.


Working Paper
The Supplemental Poverty Measure
The Census Bureau released a report in November of 2011 with Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM) estimates for calendar year 2010.


Working Paper
An Initial Evaluation of Poverty in the SIPP-EHC
This paper examines the impact of the new survey design (SIPP-EHC) on measures of income, poverty status, and poverty transitions within the reference period.


Working Paper
Creation of a Child Well-Being Index Using the SIPP
This poster describes the creation of an index of child well-being using data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation.


Working Paper
Alternative Strategies for Grouping People into Resource Units
Investigates how poverty estimates change when additional interpersonal relationship information is available.


Working Paper
Supplemental Poverty Measure Thresholds
This study introduces the CPS Program Participation Method of imputing benefits for the National School Lunch Program & the Women, Infants, & Children program.


Working Paper
Using the ACS to Implement a Supplemental Poverty Measure (SPM)
For solving missing data issues, this paper examines how the data in the CPS ASEC might be used to inform ACS imputations.


Working Paper
Notes on a Multivariate Fay-Herriot Model with AR(1) Model Errors
This paper talks about the Multivariate Fay-Herriot Model.


Working Paper
Poverty in the U.S. Taking Account of Taxes and Transfers in 2010
This paper expands on information about estimates of a Supplemental Poverty Measure for the U.S. reported earlier.


Working Paper
Changing Levels of Spousal Education and Labor Force Supply
The purpose of this paper is to describe the labor force behavior of married couples where the woman is more educated than her husband.


Working Paper
2010 Evaluation Report Covering Wages
Results of proposed changes to the wages content as tested in the 2010 American Community Survey Content Test.


Working Paper
2010 Evaluation Report Covering Food Stamps/SNAP
Results of proposed changes to the food stamp/SNAP content as tested in the 2010 American Community Survey Content Test.


Working Paper
2010 Evaluation Report Covering Property Income
Results of proposed changes to the property income content as tested in the 2010 American Community Survey Content Test.


Working Paper
2010 Evaluation Report Covering Public Assistance
Results of proposed changes to the public assistance content as tested in the 2010 American Community Survey Content Test.


Working Paper
A Bayesian Zero-One Inflated Beta Model for Small Area Shrinkage Est.
We evaluate revisions to a Bayesian beta regression model proposed in Wieczorek and Hawala (2011), for U.S. county poverty rates.


Working Paper
A Look at CPS Non-Response and Trends in Poverty
This paper assesses the extent of the bias in poverty rates caused by earnings non-response and the hot deck procedure over the time period 1997-2008.


Working Paper
Hierarchical Bayes Estimation of Poverty Rates
In practice many applications of small area models use a `Normal-Normal-Linear' assumption, i.e., a normality assumption for the design-based survey estimates.


Working Paper
Income Estimation for Former Household Members in the Redesigned SIPP
We test the efficacy of the SIPP-EHC with regard to the capture of data on earned income from former household members.


Working Paper
Time-Series Cross-Sectional Approach for Small Area Poverty Model
Current production models of poverty utilized by the Census Bureau for the SAIPE program generally incorporate only a single-year of inputs.


Working Paper
Use of Labor Market Indicators in Small Area Poverty Models
Current production models of poverty and income utilized by the Census Bureau for the SAIPE program do not utilize labor market indicators.

Page Last Revised - June 13, 2023
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