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Income & Poverty Working Papers

Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.

View the list of working paper topics.

View the list of working papers by year.


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Working Paper
Alternative Geographic Adjustments of U.S. Poverty Thresholds
This paper will examine the impact of two new geographic cost adjustment methods on state poverty rates.


Working Paper
Imputing Medical Out-of-Pocket Expenditures Using SIPP and MEPS
In this paper, we compare two parametric statistical matching methods used to generate synthetic medical out of pocket expenditure (MOOP) data.


Working Paper
Taking Account of Changing Living Arrangements and Childcare Expenses
This paper has addressed two elements in an improved measure of poverty as recommended by the National Academy of Sciences.


Working Paper
ACS Food Stamps Instruction Revision: Cognitive Test
This research was done to conduct cognitive interviews to test a change in instructions for the Food Stamps question in the ACS self-administered form.


Working Paper
Risk Factors for Children in U.S., States, and Metro Areas
This paper addresses a lack of sub-national data about children’s well-being using a new program designed to provide data for the entire nation.


Working Paper
Adjusting Poverty Thresholds Based on Differences in Housing Cost
Comparing housing cost indexes for metro areas, both methods (the ACS and HUD FMR) have produced similar “ranking” order among the states.


Working Paper
Demographic Research: Aggregated ACS Data for Ecological Regression
Focus on variable and sample comparability of ACS with Census.


Working Paper
Methodology for Testing for a Rise in State Child Poverty Rates
The US Census Bureau’s Small Area Estimates Branch annually provides the ACF in the HHS with model-based estimates of the number of children in poverty.

Page Last Revised - June 13, 2023
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