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Topics
Data & Maps
Surveys & Programs
Resource Library
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Income & Poverty Working Papers
Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.
View the list of working paper topics.
View the list of working papers by year.
Working Paper
The Predictive-Mean Method of Imputation
The CB researched and developed an alternative to the present imputation strategy of using a univariate hot-deck methodology.
Working Paper
The Predictive-Mean Method of Imputation for Preserving Coupling Be...
The Predictive-Mean Method of Imputation for Preserving Coupling Between Assets and Liabilities
Working Paper
Differences Between CPS and ACS Income and Poverty Estimates
This background paper is released to inform interested parties of research and to encourage discussion.
Working Paper
Evaluation of Poverty Estimates: A Comparison of the ACS and the CPS
The data analysis in this report focuses on comparisons of national estimates of poverty between the 2003 ACS and the 2004 CPS ASEC (income year 2003).
Working Paper
An Analysis of the Characteristics of Multiple Program Participation
This paper outlines key programs and discusses the findings regarding program participation, including the demographic & social characteristics of participants.
Working Paper
Effect of Allocated Data on the Estimated Value of Household Income
This paper looks at the individual components of total household income and discusses the proportion allocated for each component.
Working Paper
Hispanics in the U.S., Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands: 2000
This report presents several demographic, social, and economic characteristics collected from Census 2000.
Working Paper
Household Income Inequality Measures Based on the ACS Data: 2000-2005
Report focuses on several common measures of inequality using household income data from the American Community Survey (ACS) for the years 2000 through 2005.
Working Paper
The Low-Income Dynamics and Persistent Poverty of U.S. Families
This paper provides a descriptive analysis that evaluates the low-income dynamics for families.
Working Paper
Methodology for Testing for a Rise in Child Poverty Rate
The US Census Bureau’s Small Area Estimates Branch annually provides the ACF in the HHS with model-based estimates of the number of children in poverty.
Working Paper
Instability and its Relationship to Child Well-Being: 2003
Research suggests that major transitions in the lives of children have marked effects on children's well-being.
Working Paper
EITC Participation Data in the SAIPE Program’s County Poverty Model
Our main interest in using the EITC data is improving model performance, in terms of goodness of fit, for counties with weak participation in programs.
Working Paper
Estimating School District Poverty with Reduced-Price Lunch Data
This research explores the use of free and reduced-price lunch (FRPL) eligibility counts for estimating poverty in school districts.
Working Paper
Using the t-distribution in Small Area Estimation
The US Census Bureau's SAIPE program produces poverty ratio estimates from Bayesian treatment of a Fay-Herriot model applied to direct state poverty ratio.
Working Paper
t-distribution to Deal with Outliers in Small Area Estimation
Small area estimation often applies linear models, such as the Fay-Herriot (1979) model, to direct survey estimates for the small areas.
Page Last Revised - June 13, 2023
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