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Fertility Working Papers

Working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics. They have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications.

View the list of working paper topics.

View the list of working papers by year.


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Working Paper
Who Had Pandemic Babies? Exploring the Profiles of Mothers with a Recent Birth Using ACS Data
This paper uses American Community Survey data to explore the characteristics of mothers with recent births before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.


Working Paper
An Assessment of the June 2020 CPS Fertility Supplement
The purpose of this paper is to examine the quality of the June 2020 CPS Fertility Supplement.


Working Paper
Leave Usage Following a First Birth Among Men in the United States
This paper uses SIPP data to describe patterns of leave usage among men over time and model factors associated with the likelihood of men to take leave.


Working Paper
Evaluation of the Reintroduced Parental Leave Content in the 2019 SIPP
The purpose of this paper is to note basic distributions and corresponding allocation rates for the parental leave content in 2019.


Working Paper
Parenthood and Partnerships Among Young Adults
This paper uses the 2018 SIPP to analyze the socioeconomic characteristics, living arrangements, and parental involvement patterns of parents 15-22 years old.


Working Paper
Fathering Across Households
This paper uses a large, nationally representative dataset to examine the complexities of men’s fathering of minor children.


Working Paper
Family Complexity and Changing Household Dynamics
In this paper, newly available measures of family and residential dynamics are presented, and the implications for people and households are discussed.


Working Paper
Multiple Partner Fertility in the US: A Demographic Portrait
Paper showing SIPP data on Multiple Partner Fertility in the United States.


Working Paper
Racial Identity and Fertility Outcomes among Hispanic Origin Groups
Examines whether fertility varies by reported race of Hispanic origin women & the relationship of social and demographic characteristics on recent fertility.


Working Paper
Multiple Partner Fertility in the US: A Demographic Portrait
Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America in April 2017.


Working Paper
Shared and Non-Shared Fertility Among Empty Nesters
Poster presented at the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America in April 2017.


Working Paper
Addressing Data Collection Errors in the Fertility Question in the ACS
In recent years, a few geographic areas in the American Community Survey (ACS) data had unusually high percentages of women.


Working Paper
The Occupational Attainment of Mid-Career Childless Women, 1980-2012
This paper examines the labor market outcomes of childless women, focusing on occupational attainment over time.


Working Paper
Impact of Methodological Changes on Estimates of Childlessness
The June 2012 Current Population Survey (CPS) Fertility Supplement data showed a significant decrease from 2010 in the percent of childless women aged 35 to 44.


Working Paper
Health Statistics Handouts for Health Datapalooza 2014
Handouts about Health Statistics, Disability and Fertility, Health Care Industries, Health Insurance, HIV/AIDS, and Small Area Health Insurance Estimates.


Working Paper
Multiplied Disadvantage: Multiple Partner Fertility


Working Paper
Relationship Status at First Birth for Women Age 15–50


Working Paper
Father's Data
Research on fathers and fatherhood was almost nonexistent only a few years ago, but now the interest and availability of data is growing rapidly.


Working Paper
Estimates About Fertility and Grandparents
This report first compares estimates of the number of women who gave birth in the 12 months preceding the survey date.


Working Paper
Indicators of Marriage and Fertility in the U.S.
Trends in marriage, cohabitation and fertility have all contributed to changing family structure in the United States.


Working Paper
Estimates about Fertility & Grandparents: ACS, CPS, C2SS, Census 2000
This report compares national distributions based on data for two items: fertility and grandparents residing with their grandchildren.


Working Paper
Accuracy of the U.S. Census Bureau National Population Projections
This paper evaluates the accuracy of Census Bureau population forecasts using an ex-post facto approach.


Working Paper
Measuring Fertility Using the American Community Survey
Evaluation of fertility data from 1999 American Community Survey data from four selected sites.


Working Paper
Methodology and Assumptions for the Population Projections: 1999-2100
This working paper discusses the methodology and assumptions used to develop the recently released projections of the population of US from 1999 to 2100.


Working Paper
Is Childlessness Among American Women on the Rise?
Examines the trends in childlessness from 1980 to 1998 and identifies which socioeconomic groups have experienced the most significant changes.


Working Paper
Timing of First Births: 1930-34 to 1990-94
The purposes of this research is to examine the trend in the marital status of women at the time of their first birth.


Working Paper
Trends in Marital Status of U.S. Women at First Birth: 1930 to 1994
This paper reports on the trend of premarital childbearing amoung U.S. women.


Working Paper
Fertility of American Men
This paper examines the quality of the fertility data among men and women and the characteristics of the men who did not respond to the question on fertility.


Working Paper
Mothers Who Receive AFDC Payments
In summer 1993, the Nation had 36 million mothers 15 to 44 years old; 3.8 million of them (10 percent) were receiving AFDC.


Working Paper
Mothers Who Receive WIC Benefits
In summer 1993, there were 36 million mothers 15 to 44 years old living in the United States.


Working Paper
Mothers Who Receive Food Stamps
This is the second in a series of three reports focusing on the fertility and childbearing patterns.


Working Paper
Fertility of American Women: 1994 – Highlights
Census Bureau research made available to others to encourage discussion on a range of topics. They have not undergone official review or the editorial process.


Working Paper
Estimates of Out-of-Wedlock Childbearing
Census Bureau research made available to others to encourage discussion on a range of topics. They have not undergone official review or the editorial process.

Page Last Revised - December 16, 2021
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