In filling up this schedule, first enter on a sheet the pages, then fill up the blanks in the heading in their proper order, commencing with the less division, as town, township, ward, or borough; then the name of the county and State, with the date of taking; after that enter your own name and record the name of the post office of the vicinage. Every day you will change the date and on every page write your name. All the other entries are to be repeated so long as the returns apply, but the moment you enter upon another town, township, ward, borough, or county, you must change the heading to correspond. (Inasmuch as these directions are equally applicable to other schedules, as will appear on their face, they need not be repeated, although to be observed as if they were reiterated.)

1. Dwelling houses unnumbered. — Under heading 1, insert in numerical order the number of dwelling houses occupied by free inhabitants, as they are visited. The first house you enter is to be No. 1, the second No. 2, and so on to the last house in your subdivision. The numbering of houses is to be continuously maintained, without regard to minor divisions, from the first to the last house included in your work, so that your last entry will express the whole number of dwelling houses in your subdivision. By "dwelling house" is meant a separate tenement, inhabited or uninhabited, and may contain one or more families under one roof. Where several tenements are in one block with walls to separate them, having different entrances, they are each to be numbered separately, but where not so divided they are to be enumerated as one house. Houses which are tenantable but without inhabitants, are to be returned and numbered, but represented as unoccupied, in column 3, while no number is to be entered in column No. 2. If a house is used partly for a store or other purpose and partly for a dwelling, it is to be numbered as a dwelling house. Hotels, poor houses, garrisons, hospitals, asylums, jails, penitentiaries and establishments of kindred character, are to be numbered, and if they consist of a group of several houses, each is to be numbered separately, while you will use particular care to write longitudinally in the column the designation or description of the house, and specify particularly and clearly whether it or they be poor house, hotel, hospital, etc.

2. Families. — Under heading 2, entitled "Families numbered in the order of visitation," insert the number of families of free persons as they are visited. By the term "family" is meant either one person living separately and alone in a house, or a part of a house, and providing for him or herself, or several persons living together in a house, or part of a house, upon one common means of support and separately from others in similar circumstances. A widow living alone and separately providing for herself, or two hundred individuals living together and provided for by a common head, should each be numbered as one family. The resident inmates of a hotel, jail, garrison, hospital, or other similar institution, should be recorded as one family, unless there be several tenements or distinct families, in which case they should be separated. There may be several families in a garrison, in which case they should be recorded distinct, but should all, by a marginal note, be embraced as of or belonging to such garrison.

3. Individual Names. — Under heading 3, entitled "The name of every person whose usual place of abode on the 1st day of June, 1860, was in this family," insert the name of every free person in each family, of every age, including the names of those temporarily absent on a journey, visit, or for the purposes of education, as well as those that were at home on that day. The name of any member of a family who may have died since the 1st day of June is to be entered and the person described as if living, but the name of any person born since the 1st day of June is to be omitted. The names are to be written beginning with the father and mother, or, if either or both be dead, begin with some other ostensible head of the family, to be followed, as far as practicable, with the name of the oldest child residing at home, then the next oldest, and so on to the youngest, then the other inmates, lodgers, and boarders, laborers, domestics, and servants.

All landlords, jailors, superintendents of poor-houses, garrisons, hospitals, asylums, and other similar institutions, are to be considered as heads of their respective families, and the inmates under their care to be registered as members thereof, and the details concerning each, designated in their proper columns, so distinctly as to preclude any doubt as to who form the family proper and who the guests, prisoners, or other inmates, carefully omitting all transient persons.

4. By "place of abode" is meant the house or usual lodging place of persons. Any one who is temporarily absent on a visit or journey, or for other purposes, with the intention of again returning, is to be considered a member of the family to which he belongs, and not of that where he may be temporarily sojourning; and care should be exercised to make full inquiry for such absentees, that none may be omitted on your lists whose names should properly appear there.

5. Indians. — Indians not taxed are not to be enumerated. The families of Indians who have renounced tribal rule, and who under State or Territorial laws exercise the rights of citizens, are to be enumerated. In all such cases write "Ind." opposite their names, in column 6, under heading "Color."

6. Eating-houses, Stores, Shops, etc. — You will make inquiry at all stores, shops, eating-houses, and all similar places, and take the name and description of every free person who usually slept there previous to or about the 1st day of June, provided such person be not otherwise enumerated.

Ships and vessels. — Persons on board any description of ships or vessels accidentally or temporarily in port; those who are temporarily boarding at a sailor's boarding or lodging-house, if they belong to other places, are not to be enumerated in your district. All seafaring people are to be enumerated at their land homes, or usual place of abode, whether they be present or at sea; and if any free persons live on vessels or boats, acknowledging no other home, they are to be enumerated as belonging to the place where they have been engaged, shipped, or hired; and Assistants should make inquiry respecting all vessels employed in the internal navigation of the United States, and thus enumerate all who are not recorded as belonging to some family on shore; and all persons of such description, in any one vessel, are to be considered as belonging to one family and the vessel as their place of abode.

7. Ages. — Under heading 4, entitled "Age," insert in figures what was the specific age of each person at his or her last birth day previous to the 1st day of June, opposite the name of such person. Where the exact age cannot be ascertained insert a number which shall be the nearest approximation thereto. The exact or estimated age of every individual is to be recorded. If the person be a child under one year old, born previous to the 1st day of June, the entry is to be made by the fractional parts of a year, thus: one month, 1/12; two months, 2/12; and so on to eleven months, 11/12. Omit months in all cases where the person is of one year and upwards.

8. Sex. — Under heading 5, entitled "Sex," insert the letter "m" for male, and "f" for female, opposite the name, in all cases, as the fact may be.

9. Color. — Under heading 6, entitled "Color," in all cases where the person is white leave the space blank; in all cases where the person is black without admixture insert the letter "B;" if a mulatto, or of mixed blood, write "M;" if an Indian, write "Ind." It is very desirable to have these directions carefully observed.

10. Profession, Trade, and Occupation. — Under head 7, entitled "Profession, occupation, or trade of each person over fifteen years of age," insert the specific profession, occupation, or trade the individual being enumerated is reputed to follow. The proprietor of a farm for the time being, who pursues agriculture professionally or practically, is to be recorded as a farmer; the men who are employed for wages by him are to be termed farm laborers. The members, or inmates, of a family employed in domestic duties at wages you will record as "servants," or "serving," or "domestic," according to the custom of the vicinage.

A mechanic who employs others under him is to be termed differently from the one employed. The first is a master mechanic, and should be termed "master mason," "master carpenter," etc., as the case may be, and you should be very particular in designating the employers or master mechanics from the workmen or employed. Where persons (over 15) are learning trades or serving apprenticeship, they should be recorded as "apprentices," with the name of the trade whereunto they are apprenticed. The employment of every person over 15, having an occupation, should be asked and recorded. In every case insert the kind of labor and nature of apprenticeship.

When the individual is a clergyman, insert the initials of the denomination to which he belongs — as Meth. for Methodist; R.C. for Roman Catholic; O.S.P., Old School Presbyterian; P.E., Protestant Episcopal; or other appropriate designation, as the case may require. If a person follows several occupations, insert the name of the most prominent. If the person should be a teacher or professor, state the character of the occupation, as teacher of French, of common school; professor of mathematics, of languages, of philosophy, etc. In fine, record the occupation of every human being, male and female, (over 15,) who has an occupation or means of living, and let your record be so clear as to leave no doubt on the subject.

12. Value of Real Estate. — Under heading 8, insert the value of real estate owned by each individual enumerated. You are to obtain this information by personal inquiry of each head of a family, and are to insert the amount in dollars, be the estate located where it may. You are not to consider any question of lien or encumbrance it is simply your duty to enter the value as given by the respondent.

13. Value of Personal Estate. — Under heading 9, insert (in dollars) the value of personal property or estate. Here you are to include the value of all the property, possessions, or wealth of each individual which is not embraced in the column previous, consist of what it may; the value of bonds, mortgages, notes, slaves, live stock, plate, jewels, or furniture; in fine, the value of whatever constitutes the personal wealth of individuals. Exact accuracy may not be arrived at, but all persons should be encouraged to give a near and prompt estimate for your information. Should any respondent manifest hesitation or unwillingness to make a free reply on this or any other subject, you will direct attention to Nos. 6 and 13 of your general instructions and the 15th section of the law.

14. Birth Place. — Under heading 10, you are to insert the place of birth of every individual whose name you record. If born in the State or Territory of their present residence, insert the name, abbreviation, or initials of such State or Territory. If born out of the United States, insert the name of the country of birth. To insert simply Germany would not be deemed a sufficiently specific localization of birth place, unless no better can be had. The particular German State should be given—as Baden, Bavaria, Hanover. Where the birth place cannot be ascertained, write "unknown" in the proper column; but it must be of rare occurrence that the place of birth may not be understood. You should ascertain the exact birth place of children as well as of parents, and not infer because parents were born in Baden that so also were the children.

15. Married during the Year. — Under heading 11, you are to make a dash (1) opposite the name of each person, male and female, married within the year previous to June 1; that is, of all persons who are residents, and whose names are entered on the schedule.

16. At School. — Under heading 12, entitled "At school within the year," you should insert a (1) opposite the names of all those, whether male or female, who are or have been in educational institutions, or who have been receiving stated instruction in any manner within the year; those whose education has been limited to Sunday schools are not to be included.

17. Number who cannot Read and Write. — Under heading 13, entitled "Persons over 20 years who cannot read and write," you should be careful to designate every person in the family of this description; and it will be your duty to inquire whether any inmate of the family, being a free person over 20 years of age, is unable to read and write, and opposite the names of all such you will make a mark thus (1). If the person can read and write in a foreign or in our own language, the space is to be left blank.

18. Deaf and Dumb, Blind, Insane, Idiotic, Pauper, Convict. — It will be your duty to inquire whether there be any persons of the above description in the family you are enumerating, and if any, you must, under heading 14, indicate opposite the name of such person, the fact as it may be. A person is to be noted deaf and dumb who was born deaf, or who lost the faculty of hearing before acquiring the use of speech. If a person be blind from a known cause, it would be well to insert the cause in the column or on the margin. Partial blindness should not be noted. The various degrees of insanity often create a doubt as to the propriety of thus classifying individuals, and demands the exercise of discretion. A person may be reputed erratic on some subject, but if competent to manage his or her business affairs without manifesting any symptoms of insanity to an ordinary observer, such person should not be recorded as insane. Where persons are in institutions for safety or restoration, there can exist no doubt as to how you should classify them. As a general rule, the term Insanity applies to individuals who have once possessed mental faculties which have become impaired; whereas Idiocy applies to persons who have never possessed vigorous mental faculties, but from their birth have manifested aberration. The cases wherein it may be difficult to distinguish between insanity and idiocy are not numerous; should such occur, however, you may rely on the opinion of any physician to whom the case is known. It is to be hoped you will not fail to make record respecting all these classes of persons who may be in your subdivision. In all cases of insane persons, you will write in the space where you enter the word "Insane," the cause of such insanity; and you will in every ease inquire into the cause or origin thereof, and write the word—as intemperance, spiritualism, grief, affliction, hereditary, misfortune, etc. As nearly every case of insanity may be traced to some known cause, it is earnestly desired that you will not fail to make your return in this respect as perfect as possible. If any person whose name you record be at the time, or within the year, so indigent or destitute of the means of support as to require the support of the community, obtained either by alms-begging or public maintenance, by taxation or poor fund, you are to write the word "pauper" in column 14, on a line with the name of such person. When persons who have been convicted of crime within the year resided, on the 1st of June, in any family you enumerate, the fact should be stated by giving in column 14, on a line with the name, the character of the crime; but as such an interrogatory might give offence you had better, where you can do so, refer to the county records for the information, but use care in applying the crime to the proper individual on the schedule. Of course, you are not to insert the name (or crime) of any person who died previous to the 1st day of June on this schedule, but may do so on the schedule of mortality. With the county or parish record, and your own knowledge, you will be able to make this return very correctly without occasioning offence by personal inquiry of individuals. Respecting persons in confinement you will experience no difficulty.

Should a poor-house, asylum for the blind, insane, idiotic, or other charitable institution, or a penitentiary, jail, house of refuge or reformation, or other place of punishment be visited, you must number each building or buildings in their regular order, and write in perpendicular column No. 1, the nature of such institution, and in column 14, opposite the name of each inmate, you must state the character of the infirmity or misfortune, in the one case, and in the other the nature of the crime for which each inmate is confined and of which the party stands convicted, and in the column with the name give the year when convicted.

The remaining columns, respecting age, sex, color, etc., you must fill with as much care as in other cases. The prison records of these institutions will generally supply the facts required, and, where they do, may be relied on.

The foregoing schedule will serve as your guide for nearly all the entries you will be required to make on the population sheet, and you are requested to study it carefully.

This schedule is to be filled up in the following manner: The heading is to be filled up in all respects after the manner of Schedule No, 1, omitting only the name of post office.

1. Owners of Slaves. — Under heading No. I insert, in proper consecutive order, the names of all owners of slaves. When slaves are the property of a corporation, enter the name of the corporation. If held in trust for persons who have attained to their majority, whose names as owners do not elsewhere appear, the names of such persons way be entered, or their number, as "John Smith and two others;" always provided that the "others" do not appear as owners in other places. If held in trust for minors, give the number of such minors. The desire is to obtain a true return of the number of owners.

2. Number of Slaves. — Under heading 2, entitled "Number of slaves," insert, in regular numerical order, the number of all the slaves, of both sexes. and of every age, belonging to the owner whose name you have recorded. In the case of slaves, numbers are to be substituted for names. The description of every slave, as numbered, is to be recorded, and you are to enumerate such slaves as may be temporarily absent, provided they are usually held to service in your subdivision.

The slaves of each owner are to be numbered separately, beginning with the older at No. 1. The person in whose charge, or on whose plantation the slave is found to be employed may return all slaves in his charge, (although they may be owned by other persons,) provided they are not returned by their proper owner. The name of the bona fide owner should be returned as proprietor, and the name of the person having them in charge as employer.

3. Ages. — Under heading 3, entitled "Age," insert, in figures, the specific age of each slave opposite the number of such slave. If the exact age cannot be ascertained insert a number which shall be the nearest approximation thereto. The exact or estimated age of every slave in to be inserted. If the slave be a child which on the 1st day of June was less than one year old the entry is to be made by fractional parts of a year, as directed in Rule 7, Schedule 1. Slaves who (born previously) have died since the 1st day of June are to be entered as living, and all details respecting them to be given with as much care as if the slave were living, You an desired to give the names of all slaves whom age reaches or exceeds 100 years.

4. Sex. — Under heading 4, opposite each number, insert "m" for male, and "f" for female, in all cases, as the fact may be. In the case of slaves it is very essential that the sex be specified, because of the entire omission of name. The compensation for all returns where this fact is omitted will be reduced.

5. Color. — Under heading 5, entitled "Color," insert, in all cases where the slave is black, the letter "B." When he or she is a mulatto insert "M." You are to note the color of every slave. Those who are in any degree of mixed blood are to be termed mulatto, "M."

6. Fugitives. — Under heading 6 insert, in figures, opposite the name of the owner, a mark or number designating the fugitives who, having escaped within the year, have not been returned to their owners. Such fugitives are to be described as fully as if in possession of their masters. No allusion is to be made respecting such as may have absconded subsequent to the 1st day of June; they are to be recorded as if in possession of their proper owners.

7. No. Manumitted. — In column No. 7, insert opposite the name of the former owner thereof the number of slaves manumitted within the year ending on the 1st day of June. The name of the person is to be given although at the time of the enumeration, or on the 1st day of June, such person may have held no slaves. The description of all the slaves manumitted may or may not be given at your pleasure, but the number manumitted must be clearly expressed. If you describe them separately, write "manumitted" under the name of the former owner in a line with each one described. If the former owner of slaves manumitted within the year should have died or removed, such circumstance is not to obviate the necessity of their enumeration as directed.

8. Deaf and Dumb, Blind, Insane, Idiotic. — You should be particular in every instance to inquire whether any slave comes within the above description, and, if so insert the fact in column 8, opposite the number and general description of such slave. If slaves be found imprisoned convicts, mention the crime in column 8, and the date of conviction in the vacant space No. 1. By carefully observing the following schedule, you will experience no difficulty in making proper returns.

9. Number of Slave Houses. — In column 9 you will insert the number of slave tenements or dwellings on every farm and plantation, and in every family where slaves are held you will inquire what number of separate tenements are occupied by slaves, and you will insert the number in every instance on a line with the last slave described as belonging to the person or estate whereof you are instituting inquiry. We wish by this column to learn the number of occupied houses, the abode of slaves, belonging to each slaveholder.

After having entered on the schedules of living population all the requisite facts respecting those who were alive on the first day of June, you will in every case inquire whether any deaths have occurred in the family or to any member thereof, during the year previous to that time. This question being answered affirmatively, you will, upon schedule No. 3, proceed to make entry in accordance with the following directions. Having filled up the heading of the schedule as directed at the commencement of the special instructions, schedule 1, you will, under heading 1—

1. Names. — Insert the "name of every person who died during the year ending June 1, 1860, whose place of abode at the time of death was in the family." The family wherein a death occurred from disease is to be considered the place of abode of the deceased. Where the death was sudden or the result of accident, and occurred away from any habitation, the usual place of abode should be given although the death may have taken place during temporary absence. It is required that the names of all those who died from any and every  cause within your subdivision during the year previous to the 1st June, shall be obtained and inserted.

2. Age. — Under heading 2, entitled Age, insert in figures, opposite the name, the specific age, in years, of each person at their last birth-day. If the exact age cannot be ascertained, insert a number which shall be the nearest approximation to it. The age in years or the fraction of a year, either precise or estimated, is in every case to be inserted. If the death be that of a child under one year old, the entry must be made in the fractional part of a year.

It must be observed that deaths which may have occurred subsequent to the 1st day of June, 1860, are not to be recorded.

3. Sex. — Under heading 3, entitled Sex, insert the letter "m" for male, or "f" for female, opposite the name in all cases.

4. Color. — Under heading 4, entitled Color, in all cases where the person is white leave the space blank. In all cases where the person is black, insert the letter B. If mulatto, the letter M.

5. Condition. — Under heading 5, entitled "Free or Slave," in all cases where the person is free, leave the space blank. In all cases where the person is a slave, make a letter S opposite his or her name.

6. Married and Widowed. — Under heading 6, entitled Married or widowed, this column only applies to the free inhabitants. The spaces opposite all slaves are to be left blank. When the deceased, being a free person, has been married, leaving wife, or husband, as the case may be, surviving, insert (M.) When the deceased has been married, but whose death has been preceded by that of a wife, or husband, as the case may be, insert (W.) In all other cases where the deceased is unmarried, or whether it is not known whether he or she was ever married, leave the space, opposite such names, blank.

7. Birth-place. — Under heading 7, entitled Place of birth, the marshal should register the place of birth of the deceased. If unknown, he should insert "unkown." If born in the town, city, or district, where the deceased died, or in a foreign country, insert the name of the State, Territory, government, or country of birth. For more particular directions on this point observe rule 14, Schedule 1.

8. Time of Death. — Under heading 8, entitled Month in which the person died, insert, in all cases, the month when the death occurred opposite the name of the deceased. In cases where the time of death cannot be ascertained, insert the word "unknown."

9. Occupation. — Under heading 9, entitled Profession, occupation, or trade, insert the name of the specific profession, occupation, or trade, which the person was known or reputed to follow. Should the deceased have at any time pursued an occupation and have retired therefrom, you should make the entry correspond with this fact, and record the person as a "retired merchant," etc. If the person had never pursued any occupation or calling, being of independent means and living on his income, insert "gentleman." The former occupation must be given of every male adult whose name is recorded on this schedule, while the space may be left blank with respect to such females as may not have pursued any independent calling or occupation. Where females have been teachers or operatives of any description, or seamstresses, you are expected to make entry accordingly; in fine, in every case where the fact can be ascertained, give the name of whatever employment was usually pursued by deceased persons, without regard to age, color, or sex. Where the deceased was a slave, male or female, insert whether such slave was usually employed as a field hand, house servant, or in mechanical pursuits—the words, "house servant," "field hand," "blacksmith," "carpenter," would, in the case of slaves, indicate with sufficient clearness the nature of their previous employment. (See Rule 10, page 15.)

10. Cause of Death. — Under heading 10, entitled Disease or cause of death, insert the name of the disease or state plainly the cause which produced death. Give the usual name applied to the disease. When it cannot be learned, you will insert "unknown." In all cases of death resulting from accident, as by steamboat explosion, railroad casualty, or any other accidental cause, you will, in brief, make entry thereof. Such entries as the following would be sufficiently explicit, "camphene explosion," "accidental self-shooting," "house burning," "railroad collision," "accidental drowning," etc. Where the death was sudden but natural enter the cause in column 10, and the word "sudden" in column 11. When the death was caused by suicide, insert as well the means as the cause, as "suicide by shooting," "suicide by poison," "by drowning," or otherwise. In all cases distinguish particularly the deaths by suicide, so that they may not be confounded with those accidental or natural.

Any additional remarks in illustration of the cause of death, or explanatory of any particular temperament in the person, or relative to any circumstance connected with the mortality entered on the page, you will make at the foot of the sheet. If such remarks apply ao an individual case, you will give the number of the line whereon the death is recorded.

11. Duration of Illness. — In column 11 give the duration of the cause of death, by years, months, weeks, days, or hours, as the case may be. Never leave a blank in this column; for if the duration of illness cannot be ascertained, insert the word "unknown."

Remarks. — A space is left at the bottom of the page for remarks. Here the Assistant  should describe any particular malady or unusual or peculiar disease which has prevailed in his subdivision, and the supposed cause thereof. He is desired to state the character of the water, the nature of the soil and rocks, the kind of timber, the natural growth of the region, the natural fertilizers, as lime, marl, or shells, and any other facts of interest relating to mines, seasons, springs, or any particular or unusual natural phenomena.

Should any disease have prevailed among the live stock, causing unusual mortality, the Assistant will confer a favor by describing its character and effects. In fine, record any event or circumstance of interest connected with the history of your region for which you may find space. In any case where the Assistant has sufficient reason to believe that a portion of the information sought for by this schedule can be more accurately derived from any reliable bills of mortality, the facts may be abstracted from such registry, according to the form of the 3d schedule, and compensation will be allowed as if the entries were made from actual visitation. It is, however, only admissible to avail yourself of such means of information where the public record appealed to is of the most reliable nature and character. The bills of mortality must not be resorted to unless they give all the facts contempleted by this schedule for the entire census year. When any resort has been made to sources other than those of actual inquiry of families, the fact must be distinctly stated. This office would gladly receive any published mortality tables relating to your district or State which you may be able to procure and forward. The table opposite will serve as a general guide, but its illustrations will not be found applicable to many of the returns you will find it necessary to make.

This schedule is to be filled up in the following manner: Insert in the heading the name of the district, town, or township, and the county or parish, and the State in which the farms enumerated are located, and insert the date when the enumeration was made. This is to be attested on each page of every set by signing the schedule.

In many agricultural returns, the amount stated must sometimes be estimated, as the number of bushels of wheat or of oats; but under other headings, as to the number of live stock, the precise number or amount can usually be stated. The Assistant must use his discretion in assisting a farmer to estimate fairly and accurately the amount of his crops, when he keeps no exact account; and in all instances it is desired to make the nearest approximate returns which the case will admit of.

The returns of all farms or plantations, the produce of which amounts to one hundred dollars in value, is to be included in this schedule, but it is not intended to include the returns of small lots, owned or worked by persons following mechanical or other pursuits, where the productions are not one hundred dollars in value.

1. Name of Owner. — Under heading 1, entitled Name of individual managing his farm or plantation, insert the name of the person residing upon or having charge of the farm, whether as owner, agent, or tenant. When owned or managed by more than one person, the name of one only may be entered.

2. Quantity of Land Improved. — Under general heading, Acres of land, and under particular heading, Improved land, insert the number of acres of improved land, by which is meant, cleared land used for grazing, grass, or tillage, or which is now fallow, connected with or belonging to the farm which the Assistant Marshal is reporting. It is not necessary that it should be contigous, but it must be owned or managed by the person whose name is inserted in the column. By improved land is meant all pasture, meadow, and arable land which has been reclaimed from a state of nature, and which continues to be reclaimed and used for the purposes of production.

3. Unimproved Land. — Under heading Unimproved, insert the number of acres of unimproved land connected with the farm. It is not necessary that it should be contigous to the improved land, but may be a wood lot, or other land at some distance, but owned in connection with the farm, the timber or range of which is used for farm purposes. By unimproved land is meant all the land belonging to each proprietor which does not come within the term improved. The quantity embraced under the two heads "improved and unimproved" includes the whole number of acres owned by the proprietor.

Should there be irreclaimable marshes of great extent, rendering the land unimprovable, you will not include them, and you will omit all bodies of water of greater extent than 10 acres. That is to say, if a body of land comprises ten thousand acres, and nine thousand thereof be covered by a lake, you will return the land at 1,000 acres.

4. Value of Farms. — Under heading No. 4, Cash value of farm, include the actual cash value of the whole number of acres returned by you as improved and unimproved. In this, as in all cases where an amount of money is stated, make your figures represent dollars; thus, if the cash value of the farm be five thousand dollars, insert simply the figures 5,000. This rule must be particularly and carefully observed in all cases where amounts of money are to be entered in the columns.

5. Value of Farming Implements. — Under heading No. 5 place the aggregate value of all the farming or planting implements, and machinery, including wagons, threshing-machines, cotton-gins, sugar-mills; in fact, all implements and machinery used to cultivate and produce crops and fit the same for market or consumption.

6 to 10. Live Stock. — Under general heading, Live stock, 1st June, 1860, of the whole number of animals which belong to the farm on the 1st day of June, the number of each description thereof are to be inserted under the proper headings, taking care that under heading Other cattle, you insert the number of all cattle not before enumerated, which are one year old and older.

11. Sheep. — The number of all sheep which, on the 1st day of June, were of one or more years old, is to be inserted in column 11.

12. Swine. — Under heading 12, insert the number of swine on the farm on the 1st day of June.

13. Value of Live Stock. — Inasmuch as the foregoing entries will not embrace all the live stock, it is intended that the aggregate value of every description of live stock owned on the 1st day of June shall be inserted in column 13.

14 to 46. Produce of the Year. — Insert in the appropriate columns the whole number of tons, bales, bushels, pounds, or value, according to the several headings, of the various crops produced within the year ending June 1, 1860. The quantity of grain gathered during the year is to be recorded, and all productions of the year, although they may not have been sold or consumed, are to be enumerated in the proper places; but nothing produced after the first day of June is to be inserted. Enumerate such hemp as may have been prepared for market, or give the quantity of prepared hemp which would be produced were it in marketable condition—the growth of the year ending the 1st day of June.

Market Gardens. — By market gardens (29) are meant such as are devoted to the production of vegetables and other articles for sale, and may include nurseries.

Clover and Grass Seeds. — In enumerating clover and grass seeds, (33, 34) you are to include only that which has been cleaned for use, or prepared for the market.

44. Molasses. — In column (44) for molasses, wherever this article is not produced from the cane, you will designate the kind of molasses, by inserting in the space over the figures in each case the letter M for maple, and the letter S for sorgum; or you may write out these words in full over the figures describing the quantity; the latter would be the most satisfactory mode. Where the molasses is made from cane, the space may be left blank, in other respects than by entering the quantity produced.

47. Value of Home-made Manufactures. — Under this heading is to be included the value of all articles manufctured within the year preceding the 1st day of June, in or by the family, whether for home use or for sale. If the raw material has been purchased for such manufacture, the value of such raw material should not be included; the object being to ascertain the value of manufactures by the family from their own productions, or the value of the labor expended on the productions of others. This discrimination is important.

48. Animals Slaughtered. — Under heading 48, insert in dollars the value of all animals slaughtered during the year.

This schedule is designed to contain the returns of all the products of industry (excepting agricultural, which is provided for in the previous schedule) of each producer or establishment, as well as the quantity, kind, and value of all raw materials used in each variety of manufactures.

Should any one object on the ground of not wishing to expose the nature of his business, the Assistant Marshal should state that it is not desired to elicit any information which will be used or published as concerning the operations of any individual or concern. The primary facts are confidentially received, and will only be published in connexion with, and as part of, a great body of similar facts, from which it will be impossible to abstract or distinguish those of individual firms or corporations. Individual statements are necessary for the formation of aggregate results. If necessary you may state that examination of the returns is not permitted for any private purpose, nor does the Department allow access to them for other than public uses.

1. Name of Corporation, Company, or Individual. — Under heading 1, entitled "Name of the corporation, company, or individual," is to be inserted the name of the owner of the establishment or business inquired into, either individual, company, or corporation, as the case may be.

2. Name of Business or Manufacture. — Under heading 2, "Name of business or manufacture," is to be inserted the name of each kind of business, or of each kind of article produced, concerning which information is to be obtained. The question which the Assistant Marshal should ask is: What is the name of the business you follow, or the name of the principal article or articles you produce? The answer to this question should state the specific name by which the business or article is known in the place where produced.

If an establishment consists of several mills, or is carried on in several different places within the same subdivision, but for the same concern, and all engaged in the same manufacture, it is to be considered as one, being owned by one individual or company.

You are not to include in this schedule household manufactures or small mechanical operations where the annual productions do not exceed five hundred dollars.

All kinds of mercantile, commercial, or trading business, where no specific article is produced or manufactured, but which are confined to dealing and exchange of articles of merchandise or manufacture, are not to be included in this schedule.

The first entry in relation to the details of each separate business, in each column, is to be on the same line with the name of the corporation, etc., so as to prevent confusion or mistake.

3. Capital. — Under heading 3, entitled "Capital invested in real and personal estate in the business," the aggregate amount of the capital, real and personal, is to be inserted.

4, 5, 6. Raw Materials. — Under general heading "Raw material used," and under heads 4, 5, and 6, the quantity, kind, and value of each material used in the business during the last year is to be inserted. Where two or more establishments owned by the same party manufacture different articles, all the interests of such establishments should be entered separately. For example: it will frequently happen that a forge and rolling mill are owned by the same party; in all such and like cases, if possible, induce the proprietor or agent to give you the details relating to each separately, otherwise it will be impossible to form accurate and independent tables of the various interests. Should you find it impossible to separate the interests in any case where the proprietor of one establishment manufactures the raw materials for another, you will return the last manufacture, giving the raw materials for the first, and capital, fuel, and cost of labor, with the number of hands, in both; for example: for example: if John Smith conducts a forge and rolling mill in a manner so complicated as to render separation impossible, you are to give the entire capital employed, and as raw materials record the quantity and cost of the ore and pig metal used in the forge, with the quantity, cost, and kind of fuel and labor in both, returning as annual product the quantity, kind, and value of every variety of manufacture produced by the rolling mill, including the kind and quantity of motive power in both. In making returns of raw materials you should include only the raw materials that have been entered into consumption. Raw materials on hand unused on the first day of June are to be excluded.

By "raw material" is meant the articles used for the production of a manufacture. An article produced or manufactured by one establishment may be the raw material of another; as copper ore, the article produced by the miner, is the raw material of the copper smelter; or pig iron, the article produced at the furnace, is the raw material used at the forge wherein it becomes blooms—the raw material for the rolling mill. Hides are the raw material for the tanner; while leather, the article he produces, is the raw material in the manufacture of boots and shoes.

The number of entries in all cases, and in each column, should be limited to six lines. The first four (in case that number be required) should specify the most prominent and important articles; the last line, the kind and value of fuel; and under the headings "Quantity" and "Kinds," the terms "Other articles," or "Miscellaneous," should include the value of all other materials used.

In several kinds of business, such as quarrying, mining, etc., no raw material being used, the spaces under this general heading are to be left blank.

4. Under heading 4, entitled "Quantity," is to be inserted the quantity of each article used, as far as it can be ascertained. By quantity is meant the usual mode and terms of expressing the weights, measurement, or amount of the articles when bought and sold, as pounds of tallow, bales of cotton, reams of paper, tons or bushels of coal, bushels or barrels of salt, pounds of sole, and sides or pounds of upper leather, etc.; and you should precede the amount with the initial letters of such terms, as "T" for tons, "B" bales, "Bush" bushels, "Bls" for barrels, etc. In returning coal as fuel, use great care in specifying whether it be charcoal, anthracite, bituminous, or cannel coal; in doing which use the first letters of the term designating its character, as "Ch. coal," "An. coal," "B. coal," "Can. coal," and use great care to express the quantity clearly by bushels or tons. You will also, in coal mining operations, designate the nature of the coal.

5. Kind of Raw Materials. — The kind of raw materials should be returned with accuracy, and in doing this you will insert the name by which such raw materials are known to the manufacturer. You will be expected to give a list of all the prominent articles entering into every manufacture, designating them by quantity and value as well as by name, and you should deem every return insufficient without these details. In all cases where it appears evident that omissions of this nature are the result of inattention, or the want of proper efforts to obtain them, compensation will not be allowed. In glove and shoe manufactories, and book-binderies, and all other interests where leather forms the principal or a considerable element, specify clearly the quantity and kind of each variety of leather used, stating whether calf, goat, sheep or deer skins, or sides and pounds of upper and sole leather. In returns of leather omit the term "square feet," which is sometime used.

6. Value of Raw Materials. — Under heading 6, entitled Value, is to be inserted the whole value of each article specified and named in the two preceding columns. This value is always to represent the cost of the article at the place where it is used. Opposite the term "Other articles," or "Miscellaneous," when such terms are used, is to be inserted the aggregate value of all the articles not previously specified; when there are several articles included, the aggregate value only need be stated.

7. Under heading 7, entitled Kind of motive power, machinery, structure, or resource, is to be inserted—1st, in regard to motive power, as water, steam, horse, wind, or otherwise, as the fact may be. 2d, in regard to machinery, the number of spindles, looms, power printing presses, mills, and runs of stones, saw mills, number of saws, or other appropriate amount of the quantity and kind of machinery. 3d, in regard to other kinds of structure or resource, as furnaces, number of fires; bloomeries, number of fires; stone quarries, mines of any kind, ships, vessels, or boats used for fishing, etc. In all cases where steam is employed as a motive power, you will enter, in the space immediately over or under the word "steam," the quantity of horse power of all steam works.

8, 9. Hands employed. — Under the general heading, Hands employed, is to be inserted under Male and Female, columns 8 and 9, the average number of each sex employed during the year in the manufacture or business. These numbers are to be estimated either by an average of the whole year, or by selecting a day when about an average number was employed, and inserting the number on such day as the average. You will observe that the enumeration of hands is not to apply to any particular day, but to express the average number employed throughout the year. Should the business you return be of a transient or temporary nature, as some kinds of fisheries, you should state the number of months during which such operations were conducted.

10, 11. Wages. — Under 10 and 11, entitled Wages, is to be inserted the average monthly amount paid for all the labor of all the hands, male and female, employed in the business or manufacture during the course of the year. In all cases when the employer boards the hands, the usual charge of board is to be added to the wages, so that cost of labor is always to mean the amount paid, whether in money, or partly in money and partly in board; and the average number of hands and the average monthly wages are to be returned, so that by dividing the latter by the former the result will show the average earnings of individuals. This is also to be included in the individual labor of a producer, working on his own account, whose productions are separately enumerated. Should any establishment have been idle, or not in working condition for so long a time as to have involved the dismissal of hands, you will state the fact in column 1, under "the name, corporation, company," etc. When the employment of hands has been of short duration in point of time, state the number of months. For example; lake, river, and bay fisheries are generally of a temporary character, and in such cases or when labor has been long suspended, often interrupted, or recently commenced, you should mention the fact, and either give the number of months suspended or the length of interruption, or date of commencing operations. Running or suspended time is only to be returned in those cases where the entire year has not been employed.

12, 13, 14. Under the general heading, entitled Annual Products, is to be inserted the "quantity, kind, and value" of EACH produced during the whole year. It will require great care to fill this column properly. When several articles are manufactured, some of which are of inconsiderable consequence, the most prominent products only need be particularly specified, and the remainder classed under a general heading of "Other articles," and the aggregate value of such articles carried out, the quantity beging omitted; or, where otherwise impracticable in any case, the aggregate value, without the specific quantity or kind. In stating the value of the products, the value of the articles at the place of manufacture is to be given, exclusive of the cost of transportion to the market.

It is very desirable that, as far as possile, you make return of every description of article manufactured, with the separate value of each. It is the duty of the manufacturer to impart to you the information as fully as the forms require, and it is not doubted but that with proper address you will be able to obtain all the information demanded. Should you fail, however, to acquire information on account of any refusal on the part of the respondent on any ground other than that he finds it impossible to make satisfactory return, you will promptly advise this office of the facts and circumstances.

In entering the products of the loom, specify distinctly all mixed manufactures, giving the number of yards and the value of each variety of manufacture. In returning statistics of lumber use special care to define clearly the quantity and character of the raw material as well as their value; distinguish sawed and planed boards so clearly that we may know with precision the quantity of each. If all the sawed boards produced in an establishment be finally planed before leaving it, such boards are to be returned as planed, and not sawed, unless the interests are entered independently, in which case timber or logs will be the raw material, and the sawed boards will be the production of the saw mill, and the latter will form the raw material for the planing mill, which produces planed stuff as its manufacture.

Every return on your schedule should be made as fully and completely as those represented for your guidance in the form opposite.

The information required in this schedule is not to be ascertained entirely by personal inquiry of individuals, but in part from the public records and reports, and public offices of towns, counties, States, or other sources of information.

The information which it purposes to obtain should be separately entered for the civil subdivisions of each Assistant division, as far as practicable, even when there are several of such towns, etc., in one Assistant Marshal's district. The title of the schedule is to be filled by inserting, after the words Social Statistics, the name of the division, county, and State where situated, and the signature of the Assistant Marshal, on each return of each separate blank. In filling this schedule the matters relating to taxation and valuation will necessarily be obtained from the county records.

1. Name of District. — Under heading 1, entitled "Name of Division," insert name of the district, town, city, township, ward, or parish of such division.

2. Estate, Real and Personal. — Under heading 2, entitled "Valuation of estate, real and personal," insert, as the fact may be, opposite real, the amount in dollars (omitting cents in all cases) of the aggregate assessed valuation of all the real estate in the division; and opposite personal the aggregate assessed valuation of all the personal real estate in the division. Add these together, if your district includes a whole county, and insert the amount as the total valuation of the town or county. In some places no distinction is made between the real and personal estate. In such cases, the aggregate value of both is to be inserted in column No. 2, and the word "and" to be written between the words Real and Personal, and the other spaces are to be left blank. After "How valued," state the title of the officers who rated the value as previously stated. You will please enter on the blank side of your schedule a list of the kinds of real and personal property which enter into the valuation, wherein you will include every item recognised and assessed as real and personal estate or property under the laws of your State. The "true valuation" of all property should be its cash value. The distinction between assessed and true value is to be particularly observed where the assessed valuation is less than the real worth.

3. Annual Taxes. — Under the heading "Annual Taxes," and in the appropriate columns, insert the name of each tax assessed, and the amount of each kind. Where the public records are appealed to for valuation and taxes great care will be necessary to avoid confusion. One or more Assistant in a county may omit these statistics at the command of the Marshal and when he knows them to be returned by another; but he must state the fact on the face of his own schedule.

5. Under No. 5 is to be entered the manner in which a certain tax is paid. Unless the tax is payable in money insert the words "work," or "1/2 cash," "1/2 work," etc., as the case may be.

It is not expected that Assistants will return the aggregate statistics of the value of real and personal estate, taxes, and crime, demanded by Schedule 6, unless their subdivision includes the depository of the county records, or they receive special directions to that end from the Marshal. Where the records will admit of a separation you will specify the valuation and taxation of the county or parish separately and in the aggregate; that is, you will give the several towns, townships, boroughs, or cities separately, and the entire county or parish in the aggregate. If the minor subdivisions be not specified in your returns, be careful to avoid such a combination of city and county as will obscure the relative condition of both; for example: were the various taxes on real and personal estate of the county of Philadelphia to be recorded at $6,000,000, and those of the city at $4,000,000, we would be in doubt whether the first included the latter; but were the return made for the county, or other portions of the county distinct from the city, we should not hesitate to combine the two sums as presenting the true result for both county and city.

The records of the county, city, or parish are to be appealed to for the statistics called for by this schedule relating to pauperism, and the Assistant whose subdivision includes the county or parish records should make return for the entire district to which such records apply. These directions must not be viewed as applicable to any statistics other than those mentioned as pertaining to this schedule, (No. 6.)

6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. These columns are to include an account of all places where educational instruction is imparted to the youth of the land. Where there are more than one college of a particular kind in your district, you may describe each one; and if there be but one of a particular character, you will place the figure 1 in this column 6.

Under the heading "Rank or kind," you are to insert the character of the educational institution; specify whether it be a college, academy, female seminary, public school, military, theological, or other school. After such description, give the usual number of teachers or professors in column 8; then, under the proper heading (9) state the average number of scholars in attendance.

10. Funds. — Under this heading give the amount annually realized from any permanently invested fund. You are not to give the amount invested, but the annual resource or return from such investment.

11. Education Tax. — Under heading 11 you are to state the amount received by each institution from taxes assessed for educational purposes. If no record exists from which you can ascertain the amounts received by each, in the way of taxes, insert at the foot of the column (11) the gross amount of taxes assessed in your district for school purposes.

12. State Appropriation. — Under this heading you will give the amount received the past year from State or district appropriations, not including any part of the endowment or tax assessed for this special purpose.

13. Education Fees, etc. — Under column 13 you should include the amounts annually received from sources not enumerated in the other columns, which will, of course, embrace the gross amount of tuition fees and charges.

18, 19, and 20. In these columns you are to give in regular order an account of the number and kind of libraries, and the number of volumes contained therein. Where private libraries contain 1,000 volumes or more, the particulars relating thereto should be given. This will only be known by inquiry of individuals who may be supposed to possess such collections, and the Assistant should not overlook the same.

21, 22, 23, and 24. Under the heading "Newspapers and Periodicals," record the character and circulation of every paper and periodical published in your district. Cases exist where the publication purports to be issued simultaneously in two or more places; in such instances the whole number is to be entered where the printing is done.

You are to state each account separately: first enter the name of the publication, then its character, whether scientific, literary, political, religious, medical, or agricultural. If religious, give the initial of the denomination; also if political, the initial of the party; if scientific in general, write scientific; if devoted to some special scientific branch, as botony or mining, give the name thereof. Consider your record of any publication imperfect unless, accompanied by the details necessary for understanding the precise nature of such newspaper or periodical. If the paper be daily, write the word "daily;" if daily and weekly, write "D. & W.;" if daily, tri-weekly, and weekly, write "D. Tr. & W." In giving the circulation, give the average number of the daily issue for one day; also the tri-weekly issue for one day, and the number of copies issued once a week. You will understand that you are not to give the number of daily, or tri-weekly, or semi=weekly papers published in a week, but the number issued on the day of publication. In the prosecution of your duties with the schedule of manufacturing industry, you will obtain the annual numbers issued by each publishing establishment, and the value thereof.

At that time you should avail yourself of the opportunity to procure the statistics in detail for these columns, which will doubtless be cheerfully furnished upon your making application in the proper spirit and manner.

25, 26, 27, and 28. Under the heading entitled Religion, insert, a separate account of churches and other places of worship, belonging to all religious denominations in the town or county described, including halls and chapels if statedly used as places of public worship. By number of sittings, is meant the number of seats for individuals in such places of worship, or the number of persons they will accommodate.

28. Value of Church Property. — Under the head "Value of church property," is to be inserted the present value of each of the churches or chapels, including the lands and estate, real and personal, owned by such religious societies. If a chapel or other place of worship is rented, its value is not to be included; in such case you must include the name of denomination and extent of accommodation, and write the word "rented" in column number 28. As it is possible for a society to have property without a place of worship, the value of such property should be given in column No. 28. The facts relating to churches may generally be obtained, with perfect accuracy, from the pastor or clergyman having the same in charge; and in case of his absence, application should be made to a warden, elder, trustee, or other officer thereof.

Under column 30, you must give the whole number of paupers of American birth who have received public support within the year, and under column 31 must be entered the whole number of paupers born out of the United States who have been supported, in whole or in part, within your subdivision. These two numbers should represent the entire number who have enjoyed any portion of public support within the year.

The whole number of those public paupers, native, supported on the 1st June, is to be inserted in No. 32, and the number of those of foreign birth, supported on the 1st June, in column 33, the cost of the support of all public paupers, within your subdivision, is to be inserted in column 34.

It is presumed that the facts with reference to columns 30 and 31 may be inserted from your public records; the facts with reference to 32 and 33 will be obtained with certainty by population schedule, No. 1, if you have carefully recorded all such when making the enumeration, but if the public records will supply the information with accuracy, you may rely on them for the facts. The cost of support can be obtained, it is presumed, from your county, parish, or other records. You will avail yourself of the best sources of information within reach; and where the exact amount cannot be obtained, insert the nearest estimate at which you may be enabled to arrive.

The directions with reference to "Pauperism" will apply to columns 35, 36, 37, and 38.

The information called for in the six columns relating to wages is so simple, and so plainly set forth in the headings thereof, that it is deemed unnecessary to add thereto.