Censuses are not conducted in a vacuum. They occur amidst internal and external crisis, shifts in cultural interests, and events that become "defining moments" for each decade. Census data reflect the growth of the population as well as the changing values and interests of the American people.

Decennial Historical Facts provides a portrait of the United States both statistically and culturally in the following four areas:

Pop Culture – key milestones from the decade following the census.
Population
Census Details
10 Largest Urban Places

1850

ICONS: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Dred Scott, John Brown

Population

23,191,876	U.S. Resident Population
7.9	Population per square mile of land area
35.9	Percent increase of population from 1840 to 1850
30	Number of States

10 Largest Urban Places

Rank	Place	Population
1	New York City, NY	515,547
2	Baltimore, MD	169,054
3	Boston, MA	136,181
4	Philadelphia, PA	121,376
5	New Orleans, LA	116,375
6	Cincinnati, OH	115,435
7	Brooklyn, NY	96,838
8	St. Louis, MO	77,860
9	Spring Garden District, PA	58,894
10	Albany, NY	50,763

The 1850 Census

Cost	$1,423,000
Cost per Capita (cents)	6.1
Total Pages in Published Reports	2,165
Number of Enumerators	3,231 (160 office staff)
Census Bureau Director	Joseph C.G. Kennedy
Number of Questions on the Questionnaire	13
Number of Questions on the Long Form	N/A

Pop Culture

The September 18, 1850, Fugitive Slave Act provides for the return of slaves brought to free states.
Millard Fillmore is sworn into office as the 13th President of the United States, following Zachary Taylor's death on July 9, 1850.
"America" wins the first America's Cup yacht race on August 22, 1851.
Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is published in 1852.
The December 30, 1853, "Gadsden Purchase" gives the United States a strip of land in the Southwest that would later become the states of New Mexico and Arizona.
The Republican Party is founded in Ripon, WI, on February 28, 1854.
Poet Walt Whitman publishes Leaves of Grass on July 4, 1855.
The U.S. Supreme Court's March 6, 1857, "Dred Scott Decision" rules that Scott, a slave moved to a free state, never ceased to be a slave despite residing in a free state, denied him citizenship, and denied him the right to sue.
Elisha Otis installs the first elevator on March 23, 1857.
Drilling is completed on the first productive commercial oil well in Titusville, PA, on August 27, 1859.