From the Guide to 2010 State and Local Census Geography — Texas — History:

“Texas was originally part of Mexico, achieving independence as the Republic of Texas in 1836. The United States acquired the area of Texas through annexation and Texas was admitted to the Union on March 1, 1845, as the 28th state. At the time of statehood, Texas included part of present-day Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Wyoming. Texas sold territory to the United States in 1850 to assume generally the same boundary as the present state, but there were some subsequent revisions. In 1896, the Supreme Court ruled the Texas claim to the Greer County area in southwest Oklahoma to be invalid, and the area was officially deemed to be part of Oklahoma. An additional boundary dispute with Oklahoma was settled in 1930 by adding a narrow strip of territory to Texas. As the Rio Grande has changed its course, the United States and the Republic of Mexico have made periodic adjustments to their boundary that affected the boundary of Texas.

“Census data for Texas are available beginning with the 1850 census.”

From QuickFacts: statistics for all states and counties, and for cities and towns with a population of 5,000 or more.

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From data.census.gov:

Source: 2019 American Community Survey (ACS), 1-Year Estimates.

From Census Business Builder: Regional Analyst Edition - 3.2.0:

From the State Data Center (SDC) Program:

From Foreign Trade > U.S. International Trade Data:

Note: After you create an account, you can choose between State Export Data (Origin of Movement) or State Import Data (State of Destination) by Harmonized System (HS) or NAICS. For more information, see the Quick Start Guide.

From the Statistics in Schools (SIS) program:

From U.S. Census Bureau History: