1997 NAICS

Sector 23--Construction - NAICS

The Sector as a Whole

The Construction sector comprises establishments primarily engaged in the construction of buildings and other structures, heavy construction (except buildings), additions, alterations, reconstruction, installation, and maintenance and repairs. Establishments engaged in demolition or wrecking of buildings and other structures, clearing of building sites, and sale of materials from demolished structures are also included. This sector also includes those establishments engaged in blasting, test drilling, landfill, leveling, earthmoving, excavating, land drainage, and other land preparation. The industries within this sector have been defined on the basis of their unique production processes. As with all industries, the production processes are distinguished by their use of specialized human resources and specialized physical capital. Construction activities are generally administered or managed at a relatively fixed place of business, but the actual construction work is performed at one or more different project sites.

This sector is divided into three subsectors of construction activities: (1) building construction and land subdivision and land development; (2) heavy construction (except buildings), such as highways, power plants, and pipelines; and (3) construction activity by special trade contractors.

Establishments classified in Subsector 233, Building, Developing, and General Contracting and Subsector 234, Heavy Construction, usually assume responsibility for an entire construction project, and may subcontract some or all of the actual construction work. Operative builders who build on their own account for sale, and land subdividers and land developers, who engage in subdividing real property into lots for sale, are included in Subsector 233, Building, Developing, and General Contracting. (Special trade contractors are included in Subsector 234, Heavy Construction, if they are engaged in activities primarily relating to heavy construction, such as grading for highways.) Establishments included in these subsectors operate as general contractors, design-builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey construction contractors. Establishments identified as construction management firms are also included.

Establishments classified in Subsector 235, Special Trade Contractors, are primarily engaged in specialized construction activities, such as plumbing, painting, and electrical work, and work for builders and general contractors under subcontract or directly for project owners. Establishments engaged in demolition or wrecking of buildings and other structures, dismantling of machinery, excavating, shoring and underpinning, anchored earth retention activities, foundation drilling, and grading for buildings are also included in this subsector.

"Force account" construction is construction work performed by an establishment primarily engaged in some business other than construction, for its own account and use, and by employees of the establishment. This activity is not included in this industry sector unless the construction work performed is the primary activity of a separate establishment of the enterprise.

The installation of prefabricated building equipment and materials, such as elevators and revolving doors, is classified in the Construction sector. Installation work incidental to sales by employees of a manufacturing or retail establishment is classified as an activity of those establishments.

233 Building, Developing, and General Contracting^US

Industries in the Building, Developing, and General Contracting subsector comprises establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, additions, alterations, and repair) of building projects. Builders, developers, and general contractors, as well as land subdividers and land developers are included in this subsector. Establishments identified as construction management firms for building projects are also included. The construction work may be for others and performed by custom builders, general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey contractors, or may be on their own account for sale and performed by speculative or operative builders.

2331 Land Subdivision and Land Development^US

23311 Land Subdivision and Land Development^US

See industry description for 233110 below.

233110 Land Subdivision and Land Development^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in subdividing real property into lots and/or developing building lots for sale.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in constructing buildings on lots they subdivide or develop are classified in Industry Group 2332, Residential Building Construction, or Industry Group 2333, Nonresidential Building Construction, based on the type of construction project.

2332 Residential Building Construction^US

23321 Single Family Housing Construction^US

See industry description for 233210 below.

233210 Single Family Housing Construction^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, additions, alterations, and repairs) of single family residential housing units (e.g., single family detached houses, town houses, or row houses where each housing unit is separated by a ground-to-roof wall and where no housing units are constructed above or below). This industry includes establishments responsible for additions and alterations to mobile homes and on-site assembly of modular and prefabricated houses. Establishments identified as single family construction management firms are also included in this industry. Establishments in this industry may perform work for others or on their own account for sale as speculative or operative builders. Kinds of establishments include single family housing custom builders, general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey contractors.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Performing mobile home site setup and tie-down work--are classified in Industry 235990, All Other Special Trade Contractors; and
• Performing specialized construction work on single family housing units generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 235, Special Trade Contractors.

23322 Multifamily Housing Construction^US

See industry description for 233220 below.

233220 Multifamily Housing Construction^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, additions, alterations, and repairs) of multifamily residential housing units (e.g., highrise, garden, and town house apartments where each unit is not separated by a ground-to-roof wall). The units may be constructed for sale as condominiums or cooperatives, or for rental as apartments. Establishments identified as multifamily construction management firms are also included in this industry. Establishments in this industry may perform work for others or on their own account for sale as speculative or operative builders. Kinds of establishments include multifamily housing general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey contractors.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Performing specialized construction work on multifamily housing units generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 235, Special Trade Contractors; and
• Developing, constructing, and operating residential buildings on their own account for investment purposes--are classified in Industry 531110, Lessors of Residential Buildings and Dwellings.

2333 Nonresidential Building Construction^US

23331 Manufacturing and Industrial Building Construction^US

See industry description for 233310 below.

233310 Manufacturing and Industrial Building Construction^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, additions, alterations, and repairs) of manufacturing and industrial buildings (e.g., plants, mills, factories). Establishments identified as manufacturing and industrial building construction management firms are also included in this industry. Kinds of establishments include manufacturing and industrial building general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey contractors.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Constructing commercial and institutional buildings--are classified in Industry 233320, Commercial and Institutional Building Construction;
• Constructing heavy, nonbuilding industrial structures--are classified in Industry 234930, Industrial Nonbuilding Structure Construction; and
• Performing specialized construction work on manufacturing and industrial buildings generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 235, Special Trade Contractors.

23332 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction^US

See industry description for 233320 below.

233320 Commercial and Institutional Building Construction^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, additions, alterations, and repairs) of commercial and institutional buildings (e.g., stores, schools, hospitals, office buildings, public warehouses). Establishments identified as commercial and institutional building construction management firms are also included in this industry. Kinds of establishments include commercial and institutional building general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, joint-venture contractors, and turnkey contractors.

Illustrative Examples:

Administration building construction
Amusement building construction
Bank building construction
Casino construction
Church, synagogue, mosque, temple, and related building construction
Cinema construction
Farm building construction
Hospital construction
Hotel construction
Municipal building construction
Office building construction
Prison construction
Public warehouse construction
Restaurant construction
School building construction
Service station construction
Shopping center or mall construction

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Performing specialized construction work on commercial and institutional buildings generally on a subcontract basis--are classified in Subsector 235, Special Trade Contractors; and
• Constructing manufacturing and industrial buildings--are classified in Industry 233310, Manufacturing and Industrial Building Construction.

234 Heavy Construction^US

Industries in the Heavy Construction subsector group establishments that engage in the construction of heavy engineering and industrial projects (except buildings), for example, highways, power plants, and pipelines. The construction work performed may include new work, reconstruction, or repairs. Establishments identified as heavy construction management firms are also included. Establishments in this subsector usually assume responsibility for entire nonbuilding projects but may subcontract some or all of the actual construction work. Special trade contractors are included in this group if they are engaged in activities primarily related to heavy construction, for example, grading for highways. Kinds of establishments include heavy construction general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

2341 Highway, Street, Bridge, and Tunnel Construction^US

23411 Highway and Street Construction^US

See industry description for 234110 below.

234110 Highway and Street Construction^US

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, reconstruction, or repairs) of highways (except elevated), streets, roads, or airport runways; (2) establishments identified as highway and street construction management firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade contractors engaged in performing subcontract work primarily related to highway and street construction (e.g., grading for highways, installing guardrails, public sidewalk construction). Establishments in this industry may subcontract some or all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include highway and street general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Constructing elevated highways--are classified in Industry 234120, Bridge and Tunnel Construction;
• Constructing private driveways and private sidewalks--are classified in Industry 235710, Concrete Contractors; and
• Traffic lane painting--are classified in Industry 235210, Painting and Wall Covering Contractors.

23412 Bridge and Tunnel Construction^US

See industry description for 234120 below.

234120 Bridge and Tunnel Construction^US

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, reconstruction, or repairs) of bridges, viaducts, elevated highways, and tunnels; (2) establishments identified as bridge and tunnel construction management firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade contractors primarily engaged in performing subcontract work related to bridge and tunnel construction. Establishments in this industry may subcontract some or all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include bridge and tunnel general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

Cross-References.

• Establishments primarily engaged in and responsible for entire subway construction projects as general contractors, design-builders, engineer-constructors, or joint-venture contractors are classified in Industry 234990, All Other Heavy Construction; and
• Establishments primarily engaged in bridge painting are classified in Industry 235210, Painting and Wall Covering Contractors.

2349 Other Heavy Construction^US

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in heavy nonbuilding construction (except highway, street, bridge, and tunnel construction).

23491 Water, Sewer, and Pipeline Construction^US

See industry description for 234910 below.

234910 Water, Sewer, and Pipeline Construction^US

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, reconstruction, rehabilitation, or repairs) of water mains, sewers, drains, gas mains, natural gas pumping stations, and gas and oil pipelines; (2) establishments identified as water, sewer, and pipeline construction management firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade contractors engaged in activities primarily related to water, sewer, and pipeline construction. Establishments in this industry may subcontract some or all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include water, sewer, and pipeline general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the construction of water and sewer treatment plants are classified in Industry 234990, All Other Heavy Construction.

23492 Power and Communication Transmission Line Construction^US

See industry description for 234920 below.

234920 Power and Communication Transmission Line Construction^US

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, reconstruction, or repairs) of electric power and communication transmission lines and towers, radio and television transmitting/receiving towers, cable laying, and cable television lines; (2) establishments identified as power and communication transmission line construction management firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade contractors engaged in activities primarily related to power and communication transmission line construction. Establishments in this industry may subcontract some or all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include power and communication transmission line general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

Cross-References.

• Establishments primarily engaged in performing electrical work within buildings are classified in Industry 235310, Electrical Contractors; and
• Installation and maintenance of power and communication transmission lines performed by broadcasting and telecommunications companies are classified in Subsector 513, Broadcasting and Telecommunications.

23493 Industrial Nonbuilding Structure Construction^US

See industry description for 234930 below.

234930 Industrial Nonbuilding Structure Construction^US

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, reconstruction, or repairs) of heavy industrial nonbuilding structures, such as chemical complexes or facilities, cement plants, petroleum refineries, industrial incinerators, ovens, kilns, power plants (except hydroelectric plants), and nuclear reactor containment structures; (2) establishments identified as industrial nonbuilding construction management firms; and (3) establishments identified as special trade contractors engaged in activities primarily related to industrial nonbuilding construction. Establishments in this industry may subcontract some or all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include industrial nonbuilding general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Constructing manufacturing and industrial buildings--are classified in Industry 233310, Manufacturing and Industrial Building Construction; and
• Constructing hydroelectric plants--are classified in Industry 234990, All Other Heavy Construction.

23499 All Other Heavy Construction^US

See industry description for 234990 below.

234990 All Other Heavy Construction^US

This industry comprises: (1) establishments primarily responsible for the entire construction (i.e., new work, reconstruction, or repairs) of heavy nonbuilding construction projects (except highway, street, bridge, tunnel, water lines, sewer lines, pipelines, power and communication transmission lines, and industrial nonbuilding structures); (2) establishments identified as all other heavy construction management firms; (3) establishments primarily engaged in construction equipment rental with an operator; and (4) establishments identified as special trade contractors engaged in activities related primarily to all other heavy construction. Typical projects constructed by establishments in this industry include athletic fields, dams, dikes, docks, drainage projects, golf courses, harbors, parks, reservoirs, canals, sewage treatment plants, water treatment plants, hydroelectric plants, subways, and other mass transit projects. Establishments in this industry may subcontract some or all of the actual construction work. Kinds of establishments include heavy construction general contractors, design builders, engineer-constructors, and joint-venture contractors.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Constructing highways (except elevated) and streets--are classified in Industry 234110, Highway and Street Construction;
• Constructing bridges via ducts, elevated highways, and tunnels--are classified in Industry 234120, Bridge and Tunnel Construction;
• Constructing water mains, sewers, and pipelines--are classified in Industry 234910, Water, Sewer, and Pipeline Construction;
• Constructing communication transmission lines--are classified in Industry 234920, Power and Communication Transmission Line Construction;
• Constructing industrial nonbuilding structures--are classified in Industry 234930, Industrial Nonbuilding Structure Construction; and
• Heavy equipment rental without an operator--are classified in U.S. Industry 532412, Construction, Mining and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing.

235 Special Trade Contractors^US

Industries in the Special Trade Contractors subsector engage in specialized construction activities, such as plumbing, painting, and electrical work. Those establishments that engage in activities primarily related to heavy construction, such as grading for highways, are classified in Subsector 234, Heavy Construction. The activities of this subsector may be subcontracted from builders or general contractors or it may be performed directly for project owners. The construction work performed may include new work, additions, alterations, or maintenance and repairs. Special trade contractors usually perform most of their work at the job site, although they may have shops where they perform prefabrication and other work.

2351 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors^US

23511 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors^US

See industry description for 235110 below.

235110 Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) installing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment; (2) servicing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment; and (3) the combined activity of selling and installing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment. The plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs. The activities performed by these establishments range from duct fabrication and installation at the site to installation of refrigeration equipment, installation of sprinkler systems, and installation of environmental controls.

2352 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors^US

23521 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors^US

See industry description for 235210 below.

235210 Painting and Wall Covering Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in interior or exterior painting and interior wall covering. The painting and wall covering work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed by these establishments range from bridge, ship, and traffic lane painting to paint and wall covering removal.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Roof painting--are classified in Industry 235610, Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Contractors; and
• Installing wood paneling--are classified in Industry 235510, Carpentry Contractors.

2353 Electrical Contractors^US

23531 Electrical Contractors^US

See industry description for 235310 below.

235310 Electrical Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) performing electrical work at the site (e.g., installing wiring); (2) servicing electrical equipment at the site; and (3) the combined activity of selling and installing electrical equipment. The electrical work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

Illustrative Examples:

Computer cable construction contractors
Electrical construction contractors
Electrical repair construction contractors
Fiber optic cable construction contractors
Lighting system construction contractors
Telecommunication equipment construction contractors

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Constructing power and communication transmission lines--are classified in Industry 234920, Power and Communication Transmission Line Construction; and
• Installing burglar and fire alarms--are classified in U.S. Industry 561621, Security Systems Services (except Locksmiths).

2354 Masonry, Drywall, Insulation, and Tile Contractors^US

23541 Masonry and Stone Contractors^US

See industry description for 235410 below.

235410 Masonry and Stone Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in masonry work, stone setting, and other stone work. The masonry work, stone setting, and other stone work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed by establishments in this industry range from the construction of foundations made of block, stone, or brick to glass block laying; exterior marble, granite and slate work; and tuck pointing.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in installing concrete parking areas, foundations, retaining walls, and private driveways and walks are classified in Industry 235710, Concrete Contractors.

23542 Drywall, Plastering, Acoustical, and Insulation Contractors^US

See industry description for 235420 below.

235420 Drywall, Plastering, Acoustical, and Insulation Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drywall, plaster work, acoustical, and building insulation work. The drywall, plaster work, acoustical, and insulation work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Plaster work includes applying plain or ornamental plaster, including installation of lathing to receive plaster.

Illustrative Examples:

Acoustical paneling construction contractors
Ceiling construction contractors
Drywall construction contractors
Plastering (i.e., plain or ornamental) construction contractors
Soundproofing construction contractors

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in insulating pipes and boilers are classified in Industry 235990, All Other Special Trade Contractors.

23543 Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, and Mosaic Contractors^US

See industry description for 235430 below.

235430 Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, and Mosaic Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in (1) setting and installing ceramic tile, marble (interior only), terrazzo, and mosaic and/or (2) mixing marble particles and cement to make terrazzo at the job site. The tile, marble, terrazzo, and mosaic work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Manufacturing precast terrazzo products--are classified in Industry 327390, Other Concrete Product Manufacturing; and
• Exterior marble work--are classified in Industry 235410, Masonry and Stone Contractors.

2355 Carpentry and Floor Contractors^US

23551 Carpentry Contractors^US

See industry description for 235510 below.

235510 Carpentry Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in framing, carpentry, and finishing work. The carpentry work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed by establishments in this industry range from the installation of doors and windows to paneling, steel framing work, and ship joinery.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in building custom kitchen cabinets in a shop are classified in Industry 337110, Wood Kitchen Cabinet and Countertop Manufacturing.

23552 Floor Laying and Other Floor Contractors^US

See industry description for 235520 below.

235520 Floor Laying and Other Floor Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the installation of resilient floor tile, carpeting, linoleum, and wood or resilient flooring. The floor laying and other floor work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

Cross-References.

• Establishments primarily engaged in installing stone or ceramic floor tile are classified in Industry 235430, Tile, Marble, Terrazzo, and Mosaic Contractors;
• Establishments primarily engaged in laying concrete flooring are classified in Industry 235710, Concrete Contractors; and
• Stores selling and installing carpet and other flooring products as retail establishments are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade.

2356 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Contractors^US

23561 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Contractors^US

See industry description for 235610 below.

235610 Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the installation of roofing, siding, sheet metal work, and roof drainage-related work, such as downspouts and gutters. Activities performed by these establishments also include treating roofs (i.e., by spraying, painting, or coating), copper smithing, tin smithing, installing skylights, installing metal ceilings, flashing, duct work, and capping. The roofing, siding, and sheet metal work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

2357 Concrete Contractors^US

23571 Concrete Contractors^US

See industry description for 235710 below.

235710 Concrete Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the use of concrete and asphalt to produce parking areas, building foundations, structures, and retaining walls, and in the use of all materials to produce patios, private driveways, and private walks. Activities performed by these establishments include grout and shotcrete work. The concrete work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Constructing or paving streets, highways, and public sidewalks--are classified in Industry 234110, Highway and Street Construction; and
• Constructing swimming pools--are classified in Industry 235990, All Other Special Trade Contractors.

2358 Water Well Drilling Contractors^US

23581 Water Well Drilling Contractors^US

See industry description for 235810 below.

235810 Water Well Drilling Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in drilling, tapping, and capping of water wells, and geothermal drilling. The water well drilling work performed includes new work, servicing, and maintenance and repairs.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in drilling oil and gas field water intake wells are classified in Industry 21311, Support Activities for Mining.

2359 Other Special Trade Contractors^US

This industry group comprises establishments primarily engaged in specialized construction activities (except plumbing, painting, electrical, masonry, drywall, insulation, tile, carpentry, flooring work, roofing, siding, sheet metal, concrete, and water well drilling).

23591 Structural Steel Erection Contractors^US

See industry description for 235910 below.

235910 Structural Steel Erection Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) erecting metal, structural steel, and similar products of prestressed or precast concrete to produce structural elements, building exteriors, and elevator fronts; (2) setting rods, bars, rebar, mesh, and cages, to reinforce poured-in-place concrete; and (3) erecting cooling towers and metal storage tanks. The structural steel erection work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, reconstruction, and maintenance and repairs.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in structural work for nonbuilding projects are classified in Subsector 234, Heavy Construction.

23592 Glass and Glazing Contractors^US

See industry description for 235920 below.

235920 Glass and Glazing Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in installing glass (i.e., glazing work) and/or tinting glass. The glass work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

Cross-References.

Establishments primarily engaged in the replacement, repair, and/or tinting of automotive glass are classified in U.S. Industry 811122, Automotive Glass Replacement Shops.

23593 Excavation Contractors^US

See industry description for 235930 below.

235930 Excavation Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in preparing land for building construction. Activities performed by these establishments are drilling shafts, foundation digging, foundation drilling, and grading. The excavation work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and repairs.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Concrete work--are classified in Industry 235710, Concrete Contractors;
• Trenching, earthmoving and land clearing not related to building construction--are classified in Subsector 234, Heavy Construction; or in Sector 21, Mining; and
• Earth retention or shoring--are classified in Industry 235990, All Other Special Trade Contractors.

23594 Wrecking and Demolition Contractors^US

See industry description for 235940 below.

235940 Wrecking and Demolition Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in the wrecking and demolition of buildings and other structures, including underground tank removal and the dismantling of steel oil tanks, except those for hazardous materials. The establishments engaged in wrecking and demolition work may or may not sell materials derived from demolishing operations.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Demolition of tanks in oil fields--are classified in U.S. Industry 213112, Support Activities for Oil and Gas Operations; and
• Environmental remediation work, such as the removal of underground steel tanks for hazardous materials,--are classified in Industry 562910, Remediation Services.

23595 Building Equipment and Other Machinery Installation Contractors^US

See industry description for 235950 below.

235950 Building Equipment and Other Machinery Installation Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in one or more of the following: (1) the installation or dismantling of building equipment, machinery or other industrial equipment (except plumbing, heating, air conditioning or electrical equipment); (2) machine rigging; and (3) millwriting. Types of equipment installed include automated and revolving doors, conveyor systems, dumbwaiters, dust collecting equipment, elevators, small incinerators, pneumatic tubes systems, and built-in vacuum cleaning systems. The building equipment and other machinery installation work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Installing plumbing, heating, or air-conditioning equipment--are classified in Industry 235110, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors;
• Installing electrical equipment--are classified in Industry 235310, Electrical Contractors;
• Constructing of industrial incinerator, furnace, and oven structures--are classified in Industry 234930, Industrial Nonbuilding Structure Construction; and
• Manufacturing of industrial equipment with incidental installation--are classified in Sector 31-33, Manufacturing.

23599 All Other Special Trade Contractors^US

See industry description for 235990 below.

235990 All Other Special Trade Contractors^US

This industry comprises establishments primarily engaged in specialized construction work, (except plumbing, painting, electrical, masonry, drywall, insulation, tile, carpentry, flooring, roofing, siding, sheet metal work, concrete work, glass and glazing, structural steel erection, excavation, wrecking and demolition, and building equipment installation work). Activities undertaken by these establishments include constructing swimming pools and fences, house moving, waterproofing, dewatering, dampproofing, fireproofing, and sandblasting; installing antennas, artificial turf, awnings, countertops, fire escapes, forms for poured concrete, gasoline pumps, lightning conductors, ornamental metal, shoring systems, and signs (on buildings); and specialized activities, such as bathtub refinishing, coating and glazing of concrete surfaces, gas leakage detection, insulation of pipes and boilers, mobile home site setup and tie-down, posthole digging, radon remediation, scaffolding work, and on-site welding. The other special trade work performed includes new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs.

Cross-References. Establishments primarily engaged in--

• Installing plumbing, heating, and air-conditioning equipment--are classified in Industry 235110, Plumbing, Heating, and Air-Conditioning Contractors;
• Painting and interior wall covering--are classified in Industry 235210, Painting and Wall Covering Contractors;
• Installing electrical equipment--are classified in Industry 235310, Electrical Contractors;
• Masonry work, drywall work, insulation work, and tile work--are classified in Industry Group 2354, Masonry, Drywall, Insulation, and Tile Contractors;
• Carpentry work--are classified in Industry 235510, Carpentry Contractors;
• Installing flooring--are classified in Industry 235520, Floor Laying and Other Floor Contractors;
• Installing roofing, siding, and sheet metal--are classified in Industry 235610, Roofing, Siding, and Sheet Metal Contractors;
• The use of concrete and asphalt in their work--are classified in Industry 235710, Concrete Contractors;
• Erecting structural steel--are classified in Industry 235910, Structural Steel Erection Contractors;
• Installing or tinting glass--are classified in Industry 235920, Glass and Glazing Contractors;
• Preparing land for building construction--are classified in Industry 235930, Excavation Contractors;
• Wrecking and demolitions--are classified in Industry 235940, Wrecking and Demolition Contractors;
• Environmental remediation work, such as asbestos abatement,--are classified in Industry 562910, Remediation Services;
• Installing or dismantling building equipment, machinery, and other industrial equipment--are classified in Industry 235950, Building Equipment and Other Machinery Installation Contractors;
• Equipment rental without an operator--are classified in U.S. Industry 532412, Construction, Mining, and Forestry Machinery and Equipment Rental and Leasing; and
• Construction equipment rental with an operator--are classified in Industry 234990, All Other Heavy Construction.

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US—United States industry only. CAN—United States and Canadian industries are comparable.
When neither US nor CAN appears, Canadian, Mexican, and United States industries are comparable.