The goal of the Census Ask U.S. Panel was to produce representative and reliable statistics on a rapid turnaround for the U.S. Census Bureau and partnering organizations. Access to a pool of pre-recruited panel members, including historically undercounted populations, will help researchers at the Census Bureau and elsewhere facilitate methodological testing and better understand public opinion related to federal data collection, including administrative data matching, privacy, and confidentiality; thus, contributing to the public good. The Census Bureau and RTI International began working together in September 2020 to design the Ask U.S. Panel, and representatives from the Department of Defense (DoD) were part of the technical advisory group. DoD representatives reviewed the proposed design and methodology of the Ask U.S. Panel and advocated for adaptations to the design to include samples of active duty military members in paygrades E1-E4—those believed to be most sensitive to financial hardship—and nonmilitary spouses of active duty members in paygrades E1-E4. In September 2021, Census, DoD and RTI began working together to tailor the design of the Ask U.S. Panel to include military population samples in the pilot. Throughout the life of the panel, members were to be invited to participate in monthly topical surveys via web, phone, or mail. Pilot data, which included mixed-mode recruitment, were collected fromMay to September 2022. During this period, panelists completed one topical survey. The Ask U.S. Panel Pilot evaluated several design aspects to inform the possible development of a future DoD panel, including nonresponse bias evaluation and the extent to which nonresponding topical survey cases were different from the overall sample. Of the 1,747 active duty, 15.6% (weighted response rate) completed the baseline questionnaire and enrolled in the panel. Similarly, of the 704 nonmilitary spouses sample members, 19.8% (weighted response rate) completed the baseline questionnaire and enrolled in the panel. The nonresponse follow-up was essential for increasing the response rate and minimizing nonresponse bias due to differential participation by branch and marital status among active duty military. Even though it did not have an effect on response rates among nonmilitary spouses, the nonresponse follow-up minimized bias due to differential gender participation within a population with a high proportion of female spouses.