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The Occupational Attainment of Mid-Career Childless Women, 1980-2012
The Occupational Attainment of Mid-Career Childless Women, 1980-2012
Working Paper Number SEHSD-WP2016-20
Introduction
Although the "motherhood penalty" is well-documented (Kahn, Garcia-Manglano, Bianchi, 2014), less is known about the extent to which there is a non-mother "bonus." In this paper, we examine the labor market outcomes of childless women, focusing on occupational attainment over time. Research suggests that childless women are more highly represented in management positions than are mothers, perhaps as a result of having more time to invest in their careers (Amuedo-Dorantes & Kimmel, 2005). We examine whether this effect extends to employment as a whole, and whether similar patterns can be seen for other occupations. We also examine changes over time to further explain differences in occupational attainment between mothers and childless women.
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Fertility Working Papers
Page Last Revised - October 8, 2021
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