An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
During the past 15 years, in an effort to improve survey data quality, researchers and survey practitioners have significantly increased their use of an evolving set of questionnaire pretesting methods, including review by experts, cognitive interviewing, behavior coding, and the use of respondent debriefing. Several researchers have addressed issues related to questionnaire evaluation, and have attempted to determine the potential strengths and weaknesses of each (Campanelli, 1997; DeMaio, Mathiowetz, Rothgeb, Beach, and Durant, 1993; Oksenberg Cannell, and Kalton, 1991; Presser and Blair, 1994; Willis, 2001). Further, several empirical investigations have evaluated the effectiveness of core features of these techniques, especially the use of verbal probing within cognitive interviewing (Davis and DeMaio 1992; Foddy, 1996) and several evaluative studies have attemped to assess the effectiveness of cognitive interviews in ameliorating questionnaire problems (Fowler and Consenza, 2000; Lessler, Tourangeau, and Salter, 1989; Presser and Blair; Willis and Schechter, 1996; Willis, Schechter, and Whitaker, 1999); these are reviewed in detail by Willis (2001).
Share
Related Information
Some content on this site is available in several different electronic formats. Some of the files may require a plug-in or additional software to view.
Top