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One of the goals of the 2000 census is to reduce the differential undercount and cost of the census with the use of sampling and estimation. We will use statistical techniques, and administrative records where possible, to estimate the number and types of people missed in the census. We will do this with the Integrated Coverage Measurement (ICM) program. The missed persons will be added to produce a "one-number" census total by the December 31, 2000 release deadline.
The ICM program was tested for the first time in the 1995 census test. We tested two coverage measurement techniques--CensusPlus (CP) and Dual System Estimation (DSE). These are sample survey-based estimates, involving case-by-case matching of persons in an independent survey with persons in the census (see Mulry and Singh, 1995, for a description of the CensusPlus and DSE methodology). In the 1990 coverage measurement program, the survey estimates were based on the Post Enumeration Survey (PES) (see Hogan, 1993). The 1990 PES used a dual-system estimation technique.
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