This is the first of several reports to explore the issues, data requirements, and technical feasibility of measuring and valuing in-kind income. The purpose of this report is to examine several alternative methodologies of valuing public in-kind (noncash) transfers and to assess their effect on the size and composition of the official poverty population. The current definition of poverty used for statistical purposes, as indicated in Directive No. 14 issued by the Office of Management and Budget, is based on money and income and does do not include the value of in-kind transfers as income.