It is either the language currently spoken by respondents in their home such as "English only" or a non-English language, which may be used in addition to English or in place of English.

It is important to collect this information for Voting Rights determination. Information about languages spoken at home and English-speaking ability is used to determine bilingual election requirements under the Voting Rights Act. For more information about the Voting Rights Act, go to the United States Department of Justice, Civil Rights Division web site at Introduction to Federal Voting Rights Laws. The Census Bureau creates the Voting Rights Determination File after every census.

Other major uses of data language use include allocation of educational funds to states for helping schools teach students with lower levels of English proficiency. In 2000, President Clinton signed an executive order requiring federal agencies to identify the need for services to those with limited English proficiency (LEP) and to implement a system to provide meaningful access to language assistance services. Agencies rely on these data to determine how and where to provide language assistance service. Many other institutions, organizations, local governments, and private enterprises make use of these data in similar ways.

The Census uses about 382 language categories that represent the most commonly spoken languages at home other than English. Linguists recognize several thousand languages in the world and as respondents report new languages, they are coded and added to the language list.

Presenting data for all 382 languages is not always sensible due to sample size and confidentiality concerns. Therefore, we often collapse the languages into about 40 more-manageable categories, or 4 broad language groups. These categories were originally developed following the 1970 Census and are grouped linguistically and geographically. The language categories and language groups can be found here.

• American Community Survey
• Census 2000 and earlier

You can access data on language use using our data tools. The primary tools to use are data.census.gov and the Language Use Mapper.

Yes. Here are just a few of those resources: