Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
Topics
Data & Maps
Surveys & Programs
Resource Library
Evidence Building Working Papers
Evidence Building Working Papers
The Census Bureau seeks to be the federal leader in the collection and secure provisioning of data for evidence building and evaluation. Through this on-going series, the results of evidence-building and program evaluation focused work from across the Census Bureau are released through reports and working papers as part of the Bureau's efforts to be fully transparent in how Title-13 protected data are used. This research is consistent with the vision and mission of the Census Bureau, the provisions of the Foundations of Evidence-Based Policymaking Act of 2018, and in support of the Presidential Memorandum on Restoring Trust in Government Through Scientific Integrity and Evidence-Based Policymaking.
Working Paper
Firm Finances and Responses to Trade Liberalization: Evidence from U.S. Tariffs on China
Chinese-trade-induced U.S. manufacturing job losses were concentrated in better capitalized firms operating in industries dependent on external financing.
Working Paper
The Long Run Effects of Military Service: Evidence from the 911 Attacks
We estimate the causal effects of post-911 military enlistment on wages and health outcomes, identifying off place of birth relative to the timing of 911.
Working Paper
Finding Needles in Haystacks: Multiple-Imputation Record Linkage Using Machine Learning
The linked data reveal new evidence that non-sampling errors in household survey data are correlated with respondents’ workplace characteristics.
Working Paper
Location, Location, Location
We use LEHD data to study the causal effect of location on earnings and the sources of variation in observed geographic wage premiums.
Working Paper
Pay, Productivity and Management
This paper studies the relationship between workers earnings, firm productivity and management practices.
Working Paper
Earnings Inequality and Immobility for Hispanics and Asians: An Examination of Variation Across Subgroups
Earnings inequality for Asian and Hispanic population aged 18-45 is constant or slightly decreasing for the long-term immigrant and native-born populations.
Working Paper
The Color of Money: Federal vs. Industry Funding of University Research
Does it matter whether research is funded by government or industry? For research outputs like patents and high-tech startups, the answer is yes.
Working Paper
Developing Content for the Management and Organizational Practices Survey-Hospitals (MOPS-HP)
This paper describes how the content for the Management and Organizational Practices Survey-Hospitals was finalized based on cognitive testing and past surveys.
Working Paper
Small Business Pulse Survey Estimates by Owner Characteristics and Rural/Urban Designation
Producing research estimates of the Small Business Pulse Survey by owner characteristics and rural/urban locations and associated challenges.
Working Paper
Immigration and the Demand for Urban Housing
This study estimates housing demand among immigrants and discusses how immigration may be altering the structure of US urban areas.
Working Paper
How Collateral Affects Small Business Lending: The Role of Lender Specialization
Lenders specialize in collateral and adjust their portfolio following a shock towards specialized collateral, impacting firm credit access and employment
Working Paper
Leapfrogging the Melting Pot? European Immigrants’ Intergenerational Mobility Across the 20th Century
This paper details educational attainment among early 20th century European immigrants and their U.S.-born counterparts across three linked family generations.
Working Paper
Comparing Earnings Outcome Differences Between All Graduates and Title IV Graduates
This paper shows how the differences in the frames for PSEO and College Scorecard explains differences in estimates, especially for mid-career earnings.
Working Paper
Immigration and Local Business Dynamics: Evidence from U.S. Firms
This paper analyzes the effect of immigration on business entry and exit decisions and its consequences for job creation and productivity.
Working Paper
A Note on the Locational Determinants of the Agricultural Supply Chain
We explore the location decisions of several food and agricultural industries for employer and non-employer establishments.
Working Paper
Child Care Subsidies and the Labor Force Outcomes for Working Married Mothers
Using Census data and administrative records, this study finds that child care subsidies improve labor force outcomes for working married mothers.
Working Paper
School Discipline and Racial Disparities in Early Adulthood
We utilize novel data to document the links between high school discipline and important young adult outcomes.
Working Paper
Combining Rules and Discretion in Economic Development Policy: Evidence on the Impacts of the California Competes Tax Credit
We study the impacts of a large state economic development program on job creation using ACS data.
Working Paper
The Impacts of Opportunity Zones on Zone Residents
We examine the early effects of OZs on employment, earnings, and poverty of zone residents using ACS data.
Working Paper
Evaluating Wealth Data in Wave 4 of the Redesigned 2014 SIPP
This paper supports the careful use of SIPP data by researchers by examining how changes to the 2014 SIPP affected wealth data quality over the Panel.
Working Paper
Black Entrepreneurs, Job Creation, and Financial Constraints
We document that Black-owned businesses tend to be more credit constrained than White-owned ones, leading to lower firm employment.
Working Paper
2020 Census Questionnaire Assistance Qualitative Assessment
Qualitative evaluation (site visits, focus groups, exit survey) of the 2020 Census Questionnaire Assistance (CQA) telephone operation.
Working Paper
U.S. Long-Term Earnings Outcomes by Sex, Race, Ethnicity, and Place of Birth
We explore inequality and volatility in earnings using a uniform set of earnings statistics for the U.S. from 1998 to 2017.
Working Paper
High Frequency Business Dynamics in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic
We compare and contrast the patterns from two new high frequency data products, providing insights on small business dynamics during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Working Paper
Whose Job Is It Anyway? Co-Ethnic Hiring in New U.S. Ventures
This paper explores co-ethnic hiring among new ventures using U.S. administrative data.
Working Paper
Female Executives and the Motherhood Penalty
The male-female earnings gap is smaller in industries with more female executives, but female leadership has no effect on firm-specific motherhood penalties.
Working Paper
Measuring the Impact of COVID-19 on Businesses and People: Lessons from the Census Bureau’s Experience
We provide an overview of Census Bureau activities to enhance the consistency, timeliness, and relevance of our data products in response to the pandemic.
Page Last Revised - February 26, 2024
✕
Is this page helpful?
Yes
No
Yes
No✕
NO THANKS
255 characters maximum
255 characters maximum reached
255 characters maximum reached
✕
Thank you for your feedback.
Comments or suggestions?
Comments or suggestions?
