The U.S. Senate's Select Committee on the Tenth Census was established by Senate resolution on April 4, 1878, and terminated on March 3, 1887, with the end of the 49th Congress. It was succeeded on December 3, 1887, at the beginning of the 50th Congress, by the standing Committee on the Census, which was itself abolished in 1921, along with many other inactive committees.

• Justin S. Morrill (1878-1879)
• George H. Pendleton (1879-1881)
• Eugene Hale (1881-1887)

• Eugene Hale (1887-1893)
• David Turpie (1893-1895)
• William Chandler (1895-1897)
• Thomas H. Carter (1897-1901)
• Joseph V. Quarles (1901-1905)
• Chester Long (1905-1909)
• Robert M. La Follette (1909-1913)
• William E. Chilton
• Morris Sheppard (1916-1919)
• Howard Sutherland (1919-1921)

The National Archives maintains a limited number of records pertaining to the U.S. Senate's committees on the census in Record Group 46 (U.S. Senate). Records include presidential messages, correspondence, and legislative case files. For more on the Archive's holdings, visit the link below.