Makes the temporary census office a permanent bureau within the Department of the Interior. Authorized a census of manufactures to be conducted in 1905 and every five years thereafter, an annual survey of cotton production, and other economic censuses.

Authorizing legislation for the 1910 and subsequent censuses. Restricted inquiries to questions having to do with population, agriculture, manufactures, mines, and quarries.

Authorizing legislation for the 1920 census of population, agriculture, manufactures, forestry, forest products, and mines and quarries.

Authorizing legislation for the 1930 census and corresponding reapportionment of the House of Representatives. The census and reapportionment are to be automatic under the 1929 law unless a subsequent census or reapportionment statute is enacted into law.

Authorizes a national census to provide "information concerning the number, characteristics (including utilities and equipment), and geographical distribution of dwelling structures" to be taken in conjunction with the 1940 decennial census.

Transfers the authority to collect foreign trade statistics from the Division of Foreign Trade Statistics of the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce to the Bureau of the Census.

Requires that House seats be reapportioned using the equal proportions method.