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Agency History
Census Records & Family History
Historical Censuses & Surveys
Galleries & Archives
History Working Papers
U.S. Census Bureau "Working Papers" have not undergone a review and editorial process generally accorded official Census Bureau publications. These working papers are intended to make results of Census Bureau research available to others and to encourage discussion on a variety of topics.
21st Century Statistical Disclosure Limitation
A History of the American Housing Survey and Disclosure Avoidance
The U.S. Census Bureau conducts the American Housing Survey (AHS) for the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) under Title 13, U.S. Code, Section 9
A History of the Current Population Survey and Disclosure Avoidance
The U.S. Census Bureau conducts the monthly Current Population Survey (CPS) for the Bureau of Labor Statistics under Title 13, U.S. Code, Section 9
A History of the Economic Census and Disclosure Avoidance
The U.S. Census Bureau conducts the Economic Census under Title 13, U.S. Code, Section 9.
A History of the Survey of Income and Program Participation
The U.S. Census Bureau conducts the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) under Title 13, U.S. Code, Section 9.
A History of the U.S. Census Bureau's Disclosure Review Board
The Board ensures that standard DA techniques have been applied, but its members also discuss each product to determine if it presents any additional disclosure
Disclosure Avoidance Techniques Used for the 1960 Through 2010 Census
The U.S. Census Bureau conducts the decennial censuses under Title 13, U.S. Code, Section 9.
Legacy Techniques and Current Research in Disclosure Avoidance
The Census Bureau applies Disclosure Avoidance (DA) techniques to its publicly released statistical products in order to protect respondent confidentiality..
Captured!: The Civil War Experience of Superintendent Francis Walker
On August 25, 1864, Confederate scout Jacob W. Cobb, Jr. captured future superintendent of the census Colonel Francis Amasa Walker.
The Evolution of Census Bureau Small Area Data
Increasing demand for small area data has driven the expansion of the decennial census since the late nineteenth century.
The National Data Center Proposal of 1965 and Its Descendants
This paper focuses on the National Data Center proposal of 1965, ensuing public concern over its privacy implications.
Management Challenges of the 2010 U.S. Census
This paper gives an insider's perspective on the management approaches used to manage the 2010 Census during its operational phase.
Historical Development of the Economic Census in the United States
The United States first inquired into the state of the nation’s economy during the 1810 census.
A Personal and Professional History of the Survey of Program Dynamics
This paper describes the evolution of the Survey of Program Dynamics (SPD), discusses its implementation, and draws lessons for future evaluation.
Report 11: Testing Voluntary Methods-Additional Results
Eleventh in a series of reports about implementing the ACS: additional results of testing voluntary methods.
Report 10: Comparing Characteristics of Housing with Census 2000
Tenth in a series of reports about implementing the ACS: comparing physical and financial housing characteristics between ACS and Census 2000.
Report 7: Comparing Quality Measures: ACS 3-year and Census 2000
Seventh in a series of reports about implementing the ACS: comparing quality measures between the ACS 3-year estimates and the Census 2000 long-form estimates.
Report 8: Comparison of ACS 3-Yr Avg & Census 2000 for Counties/Tracts
Eighth in a series of reports about implementing the ACS: comparing counties and tracts between the ACS 3-year estimates and the Census 2000 estimates.
Report 9: Comparing Social Characteristics with Census 2000
Compares results from Census 2000 to results from the American Community Survey for characteristics such as nativity, place of birth, language, and ancestry.
Report 4: Comparing Demographic/Housing Characteristics w/ Census 2000
Fourth in a series of reports about implementing the ACS: comparing demographic and housing characteristics between ACS and Census 2000.
Report 5: Comparing Economic Characteristics With Census 2000
Fifth in a series of reports about implementing the ACS: comparing economic characteristics between ACS and Census 2000.
Report 6: 2001-2002 Operational Feasibility Report of the ACS
Sixth in a series of reports about implementing the ACS: the 2001-2002 Operational Feasibility Report of the ACS.
American Community Survey Operations Plan Release 1: March 2003
Identifies and documents components of the ACS and describes projects associated with making the transition from a demonstration program to a production survey.
Report 3: Testing the Use of Voluntary Methods
Summarizes results of test about the impact that a change to voluntary methods would have on mail response, survey quality, and costs.
American Community Survey Update
Updates on American Community Survey as of 2002.
Report 2: Demonstrating Survey Quality
Discusses timeliness and focuses on the accuracy of the Census 2000 Supplementary Survey.
The ACS -- Updated Information for America's Communities
Examples of how communities use the American Community Survey for informed strategic planning.
American Community Survey Data for Economic Analysis
Overview of anticipated data products from the ACS and how to use them in econometric modeling.
Census 2000 Supplementary Survey: An Operational Feasibility Test
Overview of Census 2000 Supplementary Survey, including background, findings, and comparability.
Report 1: Demonstrating Operational Feasibility
Importance, desirability, and feasibility of full implementation of the ACS: how ACS will improve the 2010 census design and provide timely and relevant data.
Still Rolling: Leslie Kish's "Rolling Samples" and the ACS
Leslie Kish's influence on the development of the ACS and practical methodological issues addressed in implementing the design.
A Bibliography of Selected Statistical Methods and Development Rela...
A Bibliography of Selected Statistical Methods and Development Related to Census 2000
Historical Statistics on Governmental Finances and Employment
Financial statistics of State and local governments have been assembled in annual periodic censuses since 1850, and in annual surveys since 1898.
Economic Census of the United States: Historical Development
The collection of census-type statistical data by the United States Government actually began with the first Decennial Census (1790).
Page Last Revised - October 31, 2023
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