The 2001 Wave 8 topical module on Adult Well-Being asked a series of questions on food security. The items were chosen to enable users to calculate food security status, using the scale developed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. For more information, see: //www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/foodsecurity Two products are provided here for the calculating food security scale scores:
The Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) 2001 Wave 8 Food Security Data File contains summary food security status information for each household that was interviewed in the SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Topical Module on Adult Well-Being, conducted during the period from June to September, 2003. The food security status variables were calculated based on responses to five questions from the U.S. Food Security Survey Module that were included in the SIPP Topical Module. The SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Food Security Data File matches to the main SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Topical Module Data File at the household level (i.e., household in final month of interview reference period).
The SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Food Security Data File is intended to be used in conjunction with the SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Topical Module Data File and other data files for the SIPP 2001 panel available from the U.S. Census Bureau. The food security and hunger questions refer to the 4 months prior to the survey.
SIPP data and further information on the SIPP are available from the Census Bureau at: /sipp/index.html.
The SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Food Security Data File is an ASCII file containing 25,972 records. The length of each record is 23 characters. Each record represents one household as constituted at the time of the topical module interview. The dictionary for the ASCII Food Security Data File is included below as Appendix A. SAS code to read the ASCII data file and create a SAS datafile is included as Appendix B. SAS code to create the household food security variables directly from the five scale variables and their allocation flag variables is included as Appendix C. (Use of this method makes it unneccesary to download the Food Security Data File.) Frequency tabulations for each of the four food security status variables are included as Appendix D.
The SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Food Security Data File contains one record for each household for which interview data are available in the SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Topical Module on Adult Well-Being Data File. The two files match by SSUID and SHHADID. The SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Food Security Data File is already sorted by these match variables.
All households were asked at least the first two food security scale questions (EAFLAST and EAFBALN) as well as the "food sufficiency" question (EAFOOD1). To avoid undue respondent burden, households that indicated no food security problems on EAFLAST or EAFBALN and no food insufficiency on EAFOOD1 were not asked the remaining food security questions. A second screen was assessed prior to EAFDAY; households that indicated no food security problems on EAFSKIP or EAFLESS (or on EAFCHLD, which was not included in the scale) were not asked EAFDAY. Responses to items that were skipped because of screening were assumed to be negative for the purpose of calculating household food security status variables.
Of the 25,972 households in the SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Topical Module Data File, 22,580 gave valid responses to all 5 food security questions from which the food security status variables are calculated (counting as valid any questions they were not asked due to screening based on valid negative responses). An additional 52 households had a mixture of valid responses and missing responses to the 5 food security questions, and 3,340 households did not give a valid response to any of the 5 questions. The Census Bureau imputed responses for missing data using "hot deck" methods, and these imputed responses were used to calculate household food security status variables for households with missing responses. An allocation flag variable AAFDSEC identifies households for which any of the scale variables was imputed. The frequency distribution of food security scale scores for households with imputed data was similar to that of households with valid responses to all five scale items.
Household food security variables were calculated based on the 5 food security variables, EAFLAST, EAFBALN, EAFSKIP, EAFLESS, and EAFDAY. Although the questions represented by these variables are all included in the U.S. Food Security Survey Module, this particular set of items does not constitute one of the standard food security scales. However, assessment of the food security items using statistical methods based on the Rasch measurement model indicated that relative item severities were very nearly identical to those in the 1998 Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement, and analysis of CPS data comparing the SIPP scale with the standard U.S. Food Security Scale indicated that the SIPP scale was reasonably reliable and only moderately biased. Scale scores were calculated from raw scores based on the standard item severity scores described in Guide to Measuring Household Food Security, Revised 2000 (Bickel et al., 2000, available from the Food and Nutrition Service via the ERS "Food Security in the United States" Briefing Room, //www.ers.usda.gov/briefing/foodsecurity).
Four food security status variables are provided in the SIPP 2001 Wave 8 Food Security Data File:
General questions on the Wave 8 topical module on the adult well-being module should be referred to:
Kurt Bauman
Education and Social Stratification Branch, Population Division
U.S. Census Bureau
Phone: 301-763-2464
Email: kurt.j.bauman@census.gov
Questions on the development of the food security scale scores described here should contact:
Mark Nord
Economic Research Service
United States Department of Agriculture
Phone: 202-694-5433
Email: marknord@ers.usda.gov